Hydrologic literature on the Northern Great Plains, including the Canadian Prairies, has mainly focused on Hortonian overland flow as the dominant runoff generation mechanism. This study focused on subsurface water movement and its contribution to streamflow in high-latitude, subhumid, prairie landscapes with flat topography. Three “riparian-to-stream” sites were monitored in southeastern Manitoba, Canada, and four hydrologic events (snowmelt triggered and rainfall triggered) were selected for analysis. A dual water sourcing strategy, including conservative and non-conservative tracers, was applied to distinguish the relative importance of event (“new”) and pre-event (“old”) runoff sources. Surrogate measures of antecedent wetness conditions (AWCs: based on rainfall, snow water equivalent, and soil saturation) data and streamflow and water table fluctuation data were used to identify factors influencing the contributions of different runoff sources. Results showed significant old water contributions during snowmelt- and rainfall-triggered events, especially during the summer season. At an engineered grassland site, decreases in snow cover extent were accompanied by “flashy,” high-magnitude stream hydrographs. Larger peak discharge was observed coincident to elevated AWCs at all sites. Travel velocities of surface-applied dye were faster than those of subsurface-applied dye, except for one rainfall-triggered event. Rapid delivery of old water to streams was observed and hypothesized to be the result of macropore flow, piston flow, or transmissivity feedback depending on the season and water table position. Further investigations are recommended to increase our understanding of subsurface runoff generation mechanisms that promote the rapid movement of old water from riparian areas to streams in Canadian Prairie landscapes.
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Research Article|
May 01, 2017
Evaluating the Relative Importance of Shallow Subsurface Flow in a Prairie Landscape
Cody A. Ross
;
a
Dep. of Geological Sciences, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canadab
Watershed Systems Research Program and Center for Earth Observation Science, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada*
Corresponding author (umross59@myumanitoba.ca).
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Genevieve Ali
;
Genevieve Ali
a
Dep. of Geological Sciences, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canadab
Watershed Systems Research Program and Center for Earth Observation Science, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Samuel Bansah
;
Samuel Bansah
a
Dep. of Geological Sciences, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canadab
Watershed Systems Research Program and Center for Earth Observation Science, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Janelle R. Laing
Janelle R. Laing
b
Watershed Systems Research Program and Center for Earth Observation Science, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Vadose Zone Journal (2017) 16 (5): 1–20.
Article history
received:
15 Oct 2016
accepted:
06 Mar 2017
first online:
03 Jan 2018
Citation
Cody A. Ross, Genevieve Ali, Samuel Bansah, Janelle R. Laing; Evaluating the Relative Importance of Shallow Subsurface Flow in a Prairie Landscape. Vadose Zone Journal 2017;; 16 (5): 1–20. doi: https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2016.10.0096
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Index Terms/Descriptors
- atmospheric precipitation
- Canada
- drainage basins
- dye tracers
- feedback
- fluid flow
- Great Plains
- ground water
- hydrologic cycle
- hydrology
- isotope ratios
- isotopes
- levels
- Manitoba
- North America
- Northern Great Plains
- O-18/O-16
- oxygen
- porosity
- prairies
- rainfall
- riparian environment
- seasonal variations
- shallow depth
- snow cover
- snowmelt
- stable isotopes
- statistical analysis
- stormwater
- transmissivity
- unsaturated zone
- water table
- Western Canada
- southeastern Manitoba
- subsurface flow
- Canadian Prairies
- Catfish Creek watershed
- antecedent wetness
Latitude & Longitude
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