The monitoring of earthquakes and underground explosions worldwide is performed using networks of seismic stations. The vast majority of these stations consist of three mutually orthogonal sensors, one vertical and two horizontal, at a single site. Seismic signals are detected on individual stations, and events are then defined and located by associating the signals recorded on many different stations. Some networks are global (e.g., Romanowicz and Giardini, 2001; Ammon et al., 2010), and there are increasingly many national and regional networks that, with increasing available computational power and decreasing data transmission and storage costs, are continually becoming...

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