The stiffness of the upper thirty meters of geologic material is shown statistically to have a strong impact on the propagation of fault rupture at depth to the ground surface for reverse events. The stiffness of a geologic material controls its capacity for absorbing or transmitting discrete localized planar deformations. However, the fault mechanism that initiated the deformations and the resulting stress state also has an influence. This can be seen in how the stiffness of the upper thirty meters has no impact on the propagation of fault rupture at depth to the ground surface in strike‐slip events. An empirical...

You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.