Claims that electromagnetic (EM) signals occur associated with some earthquakes, typically prior to but sometimes during seismic activity, have appeared in the literature for several decades (Parrot and Johnston, 1989; Park, et al., 1993; Park, 1996; Johnston, 1997). Such claims cover an exceptionally broad range of phenomena. For example, Gokhberg et al. (1982) and Yoshino (1991) observed increases in signal amplitude at 81 kHz from minutes to hours prior to earthquakes and up to hundreds of kilometers away from epicenters, and attributed these signals to seismoelectric emissions. Seismoelectric signals (SES) of...
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