Aftershock sequences of large earthquakes underscore the need to understand their potential implications for seismic hazard and risk estimation. Even though large Mexican earthquakes typically show a relatively small number of aftershocks, they may cause significant damage to infrastructure and buildings. This study focuses on the behavior and modeling of aftershocks that follow moderate‐to‐large interplate and intraslab earthquakes in Mexico. Initially, the epidemic‐type aftershock sequence model is used to describe the short‐term behavior of aftershock occurrences. However, this model appears to fall short of reproducing the actual number of aftershocks. To address this, we applied an alternative approach based on Yeo and Cornell’s modified Omori law to evaluate aftershock productivity, specifically recalculating the productivity parameters to achieve a better fit to the observed data. We analyze the aftershock sequences with magnitudes mb≥4⁠, ≥4.5, and ≥5 occurring within the next 30 days after moderate‐to‐large subduction and intraslab mainshocks of magnitude Mw≥6⁠, examining their temporal decay and spatial distribution. Our findings reveal consistent patterns in the decay of the number of aftershocks over time and distance from the hypocenter. Subduction interplate earthquakes tend to generate more aftershocks than intraslab earthquakes within the subducted Cocos plate. A notable exception, considered an outlier, is the Mw 8.2 Chiapas earthquake of 19 September 2017, which was followed by an unusually large number of aftershocks. Our results can be instrumental in forecasting the adequate number of aftershocks and understanding their spatial and magnitude–frequency distributions. In addition, the results of this study could inform simulation‐based mainshock–aftershock hazard assessments as part of a comprehensive approach to seismic hazard analysis.

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