The history of predation on shelled marine invertebrates is an important part of our reconstruction of ancient ecosystems and evolutionary paleoecology (Kowalewski et al., 1998; Harper et al., 1999). One of the primary puzzles is the earliest appearance of drilling predation. There are small round holes in Cloudina skeletons of the Late Precambrian (Bengston and Zhao, 1992), and similar small holes in Cambrian brachiopod shells (Conway Morris and Bengston, 1994) which may be predatory, but the earliest post-Cambrian predation drillholes are thus far in the Devonian (see Leighton, 2001, and references therein)....
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