Giant Oil and Gas Fields: A Core Workshop

Giant fields tend to be grouped as a distinctive class of hydrocarbon targets, but giant reservoirs are vastly different from one another with varying factors controlling rock type, facies, porosity evolution, and trap mechanism, even in adjoining reservoir zones. As such the ideas generated from the geological analyses of these giants can be applied in the many basins of the world to exploration and production targets of any size. The papers presented in these volumes are examples of giant fields from North America, the North Sea, Middle East, and Indonesia. We have been fortunate enough to put together a group of papers which spanc the major range of geologic time and have organized them accordingly. This sense of diversity extends through the major characteristics represented by these examples of giant reservoirs. A good mix of siliciclastic and carbonate rock types deposited in fluvial and supratidal settings down to deep marine environments can be found among these papers. Trap types range from simple and complex structural to stratigraphic and combination traps. We hope that this group of papers will inform and stimulate the reader to develop new idea and approaches to explore for and develop fields of all types and sizes. Giant fields tend to be grouped as a distinctive class of hydrocarbon targets, but giant reservoirs are vastly different from one another with varying factors controlling rock type, facies, porosity evolution, and trap mechanism, even in adjoining reservoir zones. As such the ideas generated from the geological analyses of these giants can be applied in the many basins of the world to exploration and production targets of any size. The papers presented in these volumes are examples of giant fields from North America, the North Sea, Middle East, and Indonesia. We have been fortunate enough to put together a group of papers which spanc the major range of geologic time and have organized them accordingly. This sense of diversity extends through the major characteristics represented by these examples of giant reservoirs. A good mix of siliciclastic and carbonate rock types deposited in fluvial and supratidal settings down to deep marine environments can be found among these papers. Trap types range from simple and complex structural to stratigraphic and combination traps. We hope that this group of papers will inform and stimulate the reader to develop new idea and approaches to explore for and develop fields of all types and sizes.
Depositional Facies, Paleoenvironments, Reservoir Quality, and Well Log Characteristics of Mio-Pliocene Deep Water Sands, Long Beach Unit, Wilmington Field, California
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Published:January 01, 1988
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CiteCitation
R. M. Slatt, J. M. Boak, G. T. Goodrich, M. B. Lagoe, C. L. Vavra, J. M. Bishop, S. M. Zucker, 1988. "Depositional Facies, Paleoenvironments, Reservoir Quality, and Well Log Characteristics of Mio-Pliocene Deep Water Sands, Long Beach Unit, Wilmington Field, California", Giant Oil and Gas Fields: A Core Workshop, Anthony J. Lomando, Paul M. Harris
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Abstract
The Long Beach Unit comprises part of the giant Wilmington Oil Field, Los Angeles Basin. Total original oil in place for the Long Beach Unit has been estimated at 3.8 billion barrels of oil, of which 645 million barrels have been produced to date. Petroleum reservoirs occur within seven zones called the Tar, Ranger, Upper Terminal, Lower Terminal, Union Pacific, Ford, and 237 (top to bottom). The Ranger zone, which is the largest reservoir, is >1000 ft (305 m) thick in the Long Beach Unit. Six cores through the Ranger, totalling about 5000 ft (1524 m), have been examined to evaluate depositional environments, reservoir quality, and geologic controls on reservoir properties.
Foraminiferal analyses indicate the Ranger zone comprises the Puente and Pico Formations of late Miocene to early Pliocene age. Water depths at the time of deposition ranged from lower middle to upper middle bathyal (1640-6560 ft; 500-2000 m) with a slight deepening-upward trend.
Sedimentary features indicate the Ranger sediments were deposited by a variety of mass-gravity flow processes in a submarine fan setting. The three major lithologies are massive sand, graded sand, and shale. These are arranged into three facies, Thin-Bedded Sand, Thick-Bedded Sand, and Shale. Owing to the tremendous size of the M10-Pliocene submarine fan system in the Wilmington Field area relative to the size of the Long Beach Unit study area, it is not currently possible to interpret depositional subenvironments. The sands are first cycle arkoses to feldspathic litharenites, subjected to limited chemical weathering in the source terrain as well as limited transport to the depositional site, and derived mainly from plutonic rocks to the north and/or east.
Ranger zone sands exhibit good reservoir porosities and permeabilities. Permeability appears to vary with facies, suggesting a lithologic control on reservoir quality.
The Spontaneous Potential, Gamma Ray, and Compensated Neutron log are all sensitive to lithologic variability. The Compensated Neutron log can resolve beds down to 2 ft (0.6 m) thick. All three logs are useful for distinguishing thin-bedded and thick-bedded sands, and for estimating shaliness.