Abstract
Two of the persistent problems in finite-difference solutions of the elastic wave equation are the limited stability range of the free-surface boundary condition and the boundary condition's treatment of lateral variations in velocity and density. The centered-difference approximation presented by Alterman and Karal (1968), for example, remains stable only for β/α greater than 0.30, where β and α are the shear (S) and compressional (P) wave velocities. The one-sided approximation (Alterman and Rotenberg, 1969) and composed approximation (Ilan et al., 1975) have similar restrictions. The revised-composed approximation of Ilan and Loewenthal (1976) overcomes this restriction, but cannot handle laterally varying media properly.
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