Chapter 13: Detection of Subsurface Hydrocarbon Seepage in Seismic Data: Implications for Charge, Seal, Overpressure, and Gas-hydrate Assessment
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Published:January 01, 2013
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David Connolly, Fred Aminzadeh, Friso Brouwer, Sigfrido Nielsen, 2013. "Detection of Subsurface Hydrocarbon Seepage in Seismic Data: Implications for Charge, Seal, Overpressure, and Gas-hydrate Assessment", Hydrocarbon Seepage: From Source to Surface, Fred Aminzadeh, Timothy B. Berge, David L. Connolly
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Abstract
Many basins are dominated by vertical hydrocarbon migration. On seismic data, the vertical migration paths are generally recognized as vertically aligned zones of chaotic, often low-amplitude reflectivity. These are described variously as gas chimneys, blowout pipes, gas clouds, or hydrocarbon-related diagenetic zones. Analysis of the gas chimneys can be used for geohazard prediction, basin modeling, prospect risking, and many more applications. However, the weak expressions of gas chimneys in seismic data make them difficult to map. Thus, a method for detecting gas chimneys in poststack 3D seismic data has been developed to map their distribution and allow them to...
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Hydrocarbon Seepage: From Source to Surface

With the increased resolution power of many geophysical methods, we are seeing direct evidence of seeps on a wide variety of data, including conventional seismic. New methods and technology have also evolved to better measure and detect seeps and their artifacts and reservoir charge and to map migration and remigration routes. In addition, detection of seepage is important for minimizing the risks associated with shallow gas drilling hazards, ensuring platform stability, and preventing well blow-outs.