... precursors to eruption, we must scrutinize the varied signals emerging from restless calderas with the goal of discriminating magmatic, hydrothermal, and hybrid phenomena. © 2008 by the Mineralogical Society of America 2008 Yellowstone caldera volatiles heat supervolcano Over the past 2.1...

... to ascend into the crust. The top of the conductive layer is at its shallowest, in the upper crust, directly beneath the modern Yellowstone supervolcano. 18 7 2011 22 12 2011 30 12 2011 © 2012 Geological Society of America 2012 The Snake River Plain–Yellowstone (Idaho...

... as the mechanisms that trigger such eruptions, is important for assessing the probability and risk of future eruptions at active supervolcanoes ( Lowenstern et al., 2006 ). Seismic tomography of large active systems of the Yellowstone (northwest United States) and Toba (Indonesia) supervolcanoes reveals complex...

... Lowenstern JB , Hurwitz S ( 2008 ) Monitoring a supervolcano in repose: Heat and volatile flux at the Yellowstone Caldera . Elements 4 : 35 – 40 Lowenstern JB , Smith RB , Hill DP ( 2006 ) Monitoring super-volcanoes: Geophysical and geochemical signals at Yellowstone...

..., mud pots, and hydrothermal eruption craters at Yellowstone ( Lowenstern and Hurwitz 2008 this issue), for example, are characteristic of shallow ore-forming systems and may indicate that metals are currently being concentrated there. Several types of metallic deposit are related to supervolcanoes...

... of Volcanology 59 : 198 – 218 Lowenstern JB , Hurwitz S ( 2008 ) Monitoring a supervolcano in repose: Heat and volatile flux at the Yellowstone Caldera . Elements 4 : 35 – 40 Mason BG , Pyle DM , Oppenheimer C ( 2004 ) The size and frequency of the largest explosive...

.... Given the potentially devastating effects of supereruptions, we are indeed fortunate that supervolcanoes erupt as infrequently as they do. But infrequent eruptions have an insidious aspect, as notorious supervolcanoes like Yellowstone (western USA) and Toba (Sumatra, Indonesia) teach us: longer periods...

...× the volume that erupted from Mount St. Helens (Washington State, USA) in 1980 (1 km 3 ) ( Crosweller et al. 2012 ). Of the 13 Quaternary-active supervolcanoes in the world, three are in the continental United States: Long Valley (California), Valles (New Mexico), and Yellowstone (Wyoming) ( Crosweller et al...

... short distances, these lavas pile up, forming steep-sided, dome-shaped hills. Also shown are the less-differentiated basalt lavas (in black) often associated with (and at depth, critical to the survival of) supervolcano systems, but which only erupt some distance from the caldera margin, where...

... of polar mesospheric clouds after the A.D. 1883 Krakatau (Indonesia) eruption, are both consistent with levitation of ash into the mesosphere. Supervolcano eruptions are likely to inject significant quantities of charged ash into the ionosphere, resulting in disturbance or collapse of the global electrical...

... affecting life on Earth. Ash blotted out the Sun's rays, and humanity came close to extinction. Anthropologists estimate that only about 5000 humans survived to reproduce in the aftermath of this event. Another famous supervolcano is located directly underneath Yellowstone National Park, in the United...

...-3000 km 3 of magma [4-7 × 10 15 kg, or Magnitude 8.6-8.8 ( Pyle 2000 ; see Miller and Wark 2008 this issue), equivalent to 5000-8000 km 3 of volcanic ash deposits], an eruption like the largest from the Toba (Indonesia) or Yellowstone (USA) supervolcanoes. All supereruptions are associated...

...F igure 3 Two of the world's largest and most active supervolcanoes in repose. Both volcanoes represent great challenges to forecast. ( A ) Yellowstone volcano (Wyoming, USA), looking northwest from the north side of the Red Mountains. Lewis (nearer) and Shoshone (farther) lakes are surrounded...

.... , 2008 , Monitoring a supervolcano in repose: Heat and volatile flux at the Yellowstone caldera : Elements , v. 4 , p. 35 – 40 , doi:10.2113/GSELEMENTS.4.1.35. Matthews N.E. Huber C. Pyle D.M. Smith V.C. , 2012 , Timescales of magma recharge and reactivation of large silicic...

... , The Quaternary and Pliocene Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field of Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana : U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 729-G , 146 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp729G . de Silva , S. , 2008 , Arc magmatism, calderas, and supervolcanoes : Geology , v.  36 , p.  671 – 672 , https...

...Kenneth S. Befus; Michael Manga Abstract Hollow reentrants in quartz phenocrysts from Yellowstone (western United States) caldera’s Lava Creek Tuff are preserved vestiges of bubbles in the supereruption’s pre-eruptive magma reservoir. We characterized the reentrants using a combination...

... and Bruneau-Jarbidge rhyolites . Journal of Petrology , 52 , 857 – 890 . Watts K.E. Bindeman I.N. Schmitt A.K. ( 2012 ) Crystal scale anatomy of a dying supervolcano: an isotope and geochronology study of individual phenocrysts from voluminous rhyolites of the Yellowstone caldera...

... activity, but the degree to which that may contribute to the understanding of other parts of the Earth’s crust remains questionable. The tectonic circumstances of each of the volcanic regions reviewed in detail in this book are different. They also differ from the settings of supervolcanoes such as Lake...