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Deep-Marine Bottom-Current Reworked Sand (Pliocene and Pleistocene), Ewing Bank 826 Field, Gulf of Mexico Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The Pliocene-Pleistocene sequence cored in the Ewing Bank 826 Field in the Gulf of Mexico provides an example of sand distribution and reservoir quality produced by reworking by deep-marine bottom currents. A distinctive attribute of reworked sands is their traction bedforms. Common sedimentary features of traction currents include small-scale cross-bedding, starved current ripples, horizontal lamination, sharp upper contacts, and inverse size grading. The sands also exhibit internal erosional surfaces and mud-offshoots indicating oscillating current conditions. Presumably, the Loop current, a strong wind-driven surface current in the Gulf of Mexico, impinged on the sea bottom, as it does today, and reworked sand. A depositional model based on the integration of core, wireline log, and 3-D seismic data suggests that the reworked sediment package may be thick and continuous, but individual sand layers within the package may be thin and discontinuous. This model, which depicts the distribution of bottom-current reworked sand in interchannel slope areas as a distinctly different facies from channel-levee facies, has the potential for general application to other deep-water plays outside the study area. In the Ewing Bank 826 Field, the Type 1 (L-l) reservoir with 80% sand exhibits higher permeability values (100-1800 mD) than the Type 2 (N-l) reservoir with 26% sand (50-800 mD). The increased permeability in the Type 1 sand has been attributed to high sand content, vigorous reworking, and microfractures. The clean, porous and well-sorted Type 1 sands with good communication between sand layers have produced at higher rates and recovery efficiencies than the Type 2 sands with numerous interbedded mud layers.