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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Asia
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Far East
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Mongolia (1)
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Australasia
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Australia
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South Australia (2)
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United States
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Colorado (1)
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Kansas
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Ellsworth County Kansas (1)
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Washington
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (2)
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isotope ratios (2)
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (2)
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Fe-54 (1)
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Fe-56 (1)
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Fe-57 (1)
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N-15/N-14 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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metals
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aluminum (1)
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iron
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Fe-54 (1)
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Fe-56 (1)
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Fe-57 (1)
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N-15/N-14 (1)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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ichnofossils (1)
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Invertebrata
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Metazoa (1)
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illite (1)
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sulfides
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pyrite (1)
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Primary terms
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Asia
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Far East
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Mongolia (1)
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Australasia
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Australia
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South Australia (2)
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-
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bacteria (1)
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (2)
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Florissant Lake Beds (1)
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-
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crust (1)
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ichnofossils (1)
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Invertebrata
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Zoantharia
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Actiniaria (1)
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-
-
-
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isotopes
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (2)
-
Fe-54 (1)
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Fe-56 (1)
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Fe-57 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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-
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Dakota Formation (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Hell Creek Formation (1)
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-
-
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metals
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aluminum (1)
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iron
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Fe-54 (1)
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Fe-56 (1)
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Fe-57 (1)
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-
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nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (1)
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paleoecology (1)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian (1)
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lower Paleozoic (1)
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palynomorphs
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acritarchs (1)
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Plantae
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae (1)
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-
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Neoproterozoic
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Ediacaran (3)
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-
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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limestone
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microbialite (1)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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phosphate rocks (1)
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clastic rocks
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arenite (1)
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-
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sedimentary structures
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biogenic structures
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microbial mats (1)
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-
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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clay (2)
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-
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soils (1)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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United States
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Colorado (1)
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Kansas
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Ellsworth County Kansas (1)
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North Dakota
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Slope County North Dakota (1)
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Washington
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Ferry County Washington (1)
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-
-
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rock formations
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Fort Union Formation (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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limestone
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microbialite (1)
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-
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chemically precipitated rocks
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phosphate rocks (1)
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clastic rocks
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arenite (1)
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-
-
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sedimentary structures
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sedimentary structures
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biogenic structures
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microbial mats (1)
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-
-
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sediments
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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clay (2)
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-
-
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soils
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soils (1)
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Entophysalis in the Rhynie chert (Lower Devonian, Scotland): implications for cyanobacterial evolution
False biosignatures on Mars: anticipating ambiguity
Petrological evidence supports the death mask model for the preservation of Ediacaran soft-bodied organisms in South Australia: REPLY
Petrological evidence supports the death mask model for the preservation of Ediacaran soft-bodied organisms in South Australia
The deep history of Earth's biomass
BIOFILMS MEDIATE THE PRESERVATION OF LEAF ADPRESSION FOSSILS BY CLAYS
Doushantuo-type microfossils from latest Ediacaran phosphorites of northern Mongolia
DECAY OF THE SEA ANEMONE METRIDIUM (ACTINIARIA): IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF CNIDARIAN POLYPS AND OTHER SOFT-BODIED DIPLOBLAST-GRADE ANIMALS
Abstract The rock record attests that sediments have cracked at or below the sediment–water interface in strictly subaqueous settings throughout Earth history. In recent decades, a number of hypotheses have been advanced to explain this phenomenon, but these are widely regarded as being mutually exclusive and there is little consensus about which model is correct. In this paper, we first review the geometries, lithologies and range of facies in which subaqueous sedimentary cracks occur in the geological record, with particular attention to cracks in carbonates. We then evaluate current models for subaqueous cracking, emphasizing that different models may be correct with respect to different sets of cracks, but that cracking is generally a two-step process involving sediment stabilization prior to disruption. We also present the results of some simple new experiments designed to test the dominant models of crack formation. These results demonstrate for the first time that microbial mats can produce thin, shallow cracks at the sediment–water interface. We conclude that the presence of cracks in marine, brackish and lacustrine rocks should not be used uncritically to infer fluctuations in salinity in the depositional environment. Supplementary material: A video showing a micro-CT scan of a hand-sample from the Monteville Formation, South Africa is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3580673 Gold Open Access: This article is published under the terms of the CC-BY 3.0 license .