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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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East Africa
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Kenya
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Kenya Rift valley (5)
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Lake Magadi (1)
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East African Lakes
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Lake Magadi (1)
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Australasia
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New Zealand
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Canada
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Europe
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sulfates
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sulfides (1)
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Primary terms
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Africa
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East Africa
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Kenya
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Kenya Rift valley (5)
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Lake Magadi (1)
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East African Lakes
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Lake Magadi (1)
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Australasia
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New Zealand
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Lake Taupo (2)
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Rotorua New Zealand (1)
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Taupo volcanic zone (13)
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Waimangu Field (1)
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Waiotapu New Zealand (5)
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bacteria (6)
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Europe
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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glasses
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palagonite (1)
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pyroclastics (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Upper Cretaceous
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Belly River Formation (1)
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Campanian
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Dinosaur Park Formation (1)
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metal ores
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gold ores (1)
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silver ores (1)
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metals
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alkali metals
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sodium (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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magnesium (1)
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antimony (1)
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arsenic (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (1)
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North America
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Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
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Western Interior
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Western Interior Seaway (1)
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paleoecology (1)
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palynomorphs
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miospores
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pollen (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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diatoms (2)
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Precambrian
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Archean (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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clastic rocks
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sedimentary structures
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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beachrock (1)
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travertine (5)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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chert (2)
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evaporites
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salt (1)
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siliceous sinter (15)
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clastic rocks
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sandstone (1)
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shale (1)
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sedimentary structures
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mounds (1)
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sedimentary structures
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biogenic structures
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algal structures
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algal mats (3)
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lebensspuren (1)
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microbial mats (1)
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stromatolites (8)
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planar bedding structures
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laminations (2)
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rhizoliths (1)
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soft sediment deformation (1)
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sediments
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sediments
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carbonate sediments (1)
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clastic sediments
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clay (1)
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pebbles (1)
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Labyrinth patterns in Magadi (Kenya) cherts: Evidence for early formation from siliceous gels
Stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Belly River Group (Campanian) in southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada
Modern Travertine Precipitation At LÝsuhÓll Hot Springs, SnÆfellnes, Iceland: Implications For Calcite Crystal Growth
Facies architecture in depositional systems resulting from the interaction of acidic springs, alkaline springs, and acidic lakes: case study of Lake Roto-a-Tamaheke, Rotorua, New Zealand
Taphonomic Controls on Animal Tracks at Saline, Alkaline Lake Bogoria, Kenya Rift Valley: Impact of Salt Efflorescence and Clay Mineralogy
Impact of Seasonal Changes on the Formation and Accumulation of Soft Siliceous Sediments on the Discharge Apron of Geysir, Iceland
The geological history of Geysir, Iceland: a tephrochronological approach to the dating of sinter
Siliceous sublacustrine spring deposits around hydrothermal vents in Lake Taupo, New Zealand
Abstract: Actualistic studies of the distribution, formation, and taphonomy of vertebrate and invertebrate traces at saline (60-100 g l -1 TDS), alkaline (pH: 10.5) Lake Bogoria in the Kenya Rift Valley have revealed a diverse trace assemblage in the lake-margin sediments. Although hypersaline lakes like Lake Bogoria restrict lacustrine faunal diversity, local marginal subenvironments, including hot springs and ephemeral streams, provide favorable areas for the activities of many species of insects, mammals, birds, and reptiles. Several factors, including sediment texture and moisture content, substrate cohesion, substrate consolidation, and the presence of a food source (i.e., vegetation, microbes, animal waste, flamingo carcasses), control the distribution of traces at Lake Bogoria by influencing the behavior of vertebrates (e.g., “dirt bathing” and nest building) and invertebrates (mainly feeding and locomotion). The distribution of vertebrate traces is also controlled by the proximity to fresh water, but the relationship between invertebrate trace formation and pore-water salinity is less clear. Many characteristic features of closed-basin lakes, including frequent changes in lake level and shoreline position, the presence of thermal springs, and evolved fluid compositions resulting from evaporation, can have direct impacts on trace taphonomy. Notable taphonomic factors include efflorescent salt crystallization, which may temporarily cement substrates or destroy traces during crystal growth in the capillary fringe; substrate wetting and drying, which can induce soil crusting and the shrinking and swelling of smectitic clays, which in turn can modify trace morphology; and the presence of benthic microbial mats and biofilms, which can temporarily stabilize substrates or contribute to their early cementation by mediating carbonate precipitation. Semiarid environments, such as the Kenya Rift, are favorable settings for the early cementation of substrates by carbonates (e.g., calcite), and, during prolonged, stable dry phases, the preservation of trace fossils and their substrates by zeolites and other minerals (Mn- and Fe- oxyhydroxides).
GROWTH OF SILICEOUS SPICULES IN ACIDIC HOT SPRINGS, WAIOTAPU GEOTHERMAL AREA, NORTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND
Bacterial S-layer preservation and rare arsenic–antimony–sulphide bioimmobilization in siliceous sediments from Champagne Pool hot spring, Waiotapu, New Zealand
Microbial silicification in Iodine Pool, Waimangu geothermal area, North Island, New Zealand: implications for recognition and identification of ancient silicified microbes
Water Content of Opal-A: Implications for the Origin of Laminae in Geyserite and Sinter
Hot spring sinters: keys to understanding Earth’s earliest life forms
Petrography and genesis of spicular and columnar geyserite from the Whakarewarewa and Orakeikorako geothermal areas, North Island, New Zealand
Sedimentology of hot spring systems
Silicified Microbes in a Geyser Mound: The Enigma of Low-Temperature Cyanobacteria in a High-Temperature Setting
Coniform Stromatolites from Geothermal Systems, North Island, New Zealand
Front Matter
Abstract Continental rift basins have long been of interest to sedimen-tologists. Of all the terrestrial depositional settings, rift basins typically provide the greatest accommodation space, and consequently have some of the longest records of continental sedimentation. These records are a product of a complex interplay between several factors. These include geological structure and tectonic activity, volcanism, climate and its temporal variability, hydrology, hydrogeology, biology, and time (Fig. 1 ). The lithological records in rifts, which are naturally dominated by fluvial and lacustrine deposits, have become increasingly prominent in recent years because of their potential for studying long-term climatic changes and for testing hypotheses of orbital forcing (e.g., Olsen, 1986 ; Johnson and Odada, 1996 ). More recently, the continuing quest for the paleontological and cultural records of human origins that are entombed in the sedimentary rocks of the East African rift has raised further questions on the tempo of climatic change, changing paleolandscapes, and the environmental stresses that might have affected human evolution ( Vrba et al., 1995 ; Andrews and Banham, 1999 ). Rapid burial of thick sedimentary fills, high geothermal gradients, and consequent early maturation of lacustrine organic matter, much of which is sapropelic, have made rift basins attractive targets for petroleum exploration (e.g., Robbins, 1983 ; Katz, 1990 ; Lambiase, 1990 , 1995 ). Indeed, most of our understanding of rift-basin geometry has resulted from seismic profiling sponsored by oil companies ( Scholz et al., 1990 ; 1996 ;