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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Arctic region
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Svalbard (1)
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Central America
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Costa Rica (4)
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North America
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Appalachians
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Appalachian Plateau (3)
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Central Appalachians (2)
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Valley and Ridge Province (2)
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Pacific Coast (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Cocos Ridge (1)
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Northeast Pacific
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Middle America Trench (3)
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Middle America Trench (3)
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United States
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Allegheny Front (1)
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Pennsylvania
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Cumberland County Pennsylvania (1)
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Lycoming County Pennsylvania (1)
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Virginia (1)
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West Virginia (1)
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commodities
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petroleum (1)
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fossils
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Invertebrata
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Protista
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Foraminifera (1)
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microfossils (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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nannofossils (1)
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geochronology methods
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exposure age (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Pleistocene (1)
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Paleozoic
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Devonian
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Middle Devonian
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Marcellus Shale (1)
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Silurian
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Upper Silurian
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Salina Group (1)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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basalts (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks (1)
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minerals
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silicates
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chain silicates
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pyroxene group (1)
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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plagioclase (1)
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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olivine group
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olivine (1)
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Primary terms
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Arctic region
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Svalbard (1)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Pleistocene (1)
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Central America
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Costa Rica (4)
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crust (2)
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education (1)
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faults (5)
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folds (1)
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geochemistry (1)
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geochronology (1)
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geology (1)
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geomorphology (1)
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geophysical methods (2)
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hydrology (1)
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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basalts (1)
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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (1)
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Invertebrata
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Protista
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Foraminifera (1)
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-
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metamorphic rocks (1)
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North America
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Appalachians
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Appalachian Plateau (3)
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Central Appalachians (2)
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Valley and Ridge Province (2)
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-
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ocean floors (2)
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Pacific Coast (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Cocos Ridge (1)
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Northeast Pacific
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Middle America Trench (3)
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-
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Middle America Trench (3)
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Paleozoic
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Devonian
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Middle Devonian
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Marcellus Shale (1)
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Silurian
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Upper Silurian
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Salina Group (1)
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petroleum (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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nannofossils (1)
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plate tectonics (3)
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sedimentary rocks (1)
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sediments
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marine sediments (1)
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structural analysis (1)
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tectonics
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neotectonics (1)
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salt tectonics (1)
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United States
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Allegheny Front (1)
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Pennsylvania
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Cumberland County Pennsylvania (1)
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Lycoming County Pennsylvania (1)
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Virginia (1)
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West Virginia (1)
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weathering (1)
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well-logging (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks (1)
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sediments
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sediments
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marine sediments (1)
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Documenting the geometry and magnitude of shortening at the Allegheny Front: Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, United States
Quantifying shortening across the central Appalachian fold-thrust belt, Virginia and West Virginia, USA: Reconciling grain-, outcrop-, and map-scale shortening
Rapid pulses of uplift, subsidence, and subduction erosion offshore Central America: Implications for building the rock record of convergent margins
Unraveling the central Appalachian fold-thrust belt, Pennsylvania: The power of sequentially restored balanced cross sections for a blind fold-thrust belt
Long-term field-based studies in geoscience teaching
Multiyear measurements of geologic processes with slow rates of change can provide valuable data sets for student learning in the classroom and opportunities for undergraduate independent research. Here, we describe three projects for which data have been collected for 34, 20, and 10 yr, respectively: the erosion of a small meandering stream, the weathering of limestone cubes, and local stream hydrology/chemistry, including discharge, dissolved and suspended load, and major ion chemistry. These data have been used at all levels of the curriculum in various ways, from visualizing basic geologic principles in introductory courses to sophisticated statistical analysis and interpretation in upper-level courses, always in a context of student research leading to discovery about Earth systems. Depending on the project and the schedule for data collection, students have played a major role in the data collection, synthesis, and interpretation while also learning valuable analytical and statistical skills. Because the data sets are the product of many classes of students, there is a strong sense of ownership of the data and thus significant quality control, making the data sets useful as baseline studies for future projects. Where the study requires frequent and time-sensitive sampling, it is more difficult for students to collect data or make measurements. They may, however, have a hand in analyzing the samples collected in order to learn analytical and interpretive techniques. In some cases, these projects have expanded to include new long-term data sets that augment the original studies.