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NARROW
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF ACADEMICIAN A. L. YANSHIN
TURBULENT CONVECTION AND MAGNETIC FIELD OF THE OUTER EARTH’S CORE
INFLUENCE OF SUBDUCTION ON THE STRUCTURE OF THERMAL GRAVITATIONAL FLOWS BENEATH A CONTINENT
STRUCTURAL AND GEODYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF THE DIAMONDIFEROUS METAMORPHIC ROCKS OF THE KOKCHETAV MASSIF ( Kazakhstan )
PREFACE
A CONCEPT OF DATABASE ON PHASE DIAGRAMS FOR NATURAL SYSTEMS
ESTIMATION OF THE GLOBAL PROCESSES OF MATTER EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE EARTH’S SHELLS: COMPARISON OF REAL GEOLOGICAL AND THEORETICAL DATA
NEW EVIDENCE OF ULTRAHIGH-PRESSURE METAMORPHISM IN THE MICA SCHISTS OF THE KULET AREA OF THE KOKCHETAV MASSIF ( Northern Kazakhstan )
MODELING OF SUBDUCTION PROCESSES
Eclogites from various types of metamorphic complexes in the USSR and the problems of their origin
Eclogites in metamorphic complexes of the USSR are of different types with regard to their tectonic conditions and compositions. They are: 1) tectonic inclusions in serpentinite melanges; 2) members of eclogite-glaucophane schist complexes; 3) inclusions in blastomylonite zones; and 4) those within gneiss complexes. Based upon the study of their relationships with country rocks, chemical zoning of coexisting garnets and omphacites, and compositions of gaseous-liquid inclusions in minerals, a polygene character of the eclogites has been shown. P-T equilibrium parameters for eclogites associated with glaucophane schists are commonly close to those of the latter. Eclogites of gneiss complexes tend to be characterized by variable conditions of formation, even within a single complex.
Metamorphic belts and complexes of the northwestern circum-Pacific region can be divided into six types: Early Precambrian granulites and high-temperature migmatitic gneiss massifs—Omolonian, Okhotian, Khankai, and Chukotka (in part) massifs. Precambrian(?) kyanite-staurolite schist and gneissic complexes (massifs) such as the Hida, Abukuma, Chukotka (in part), and the Central Kamchatkan massifs, which have been reworked by later orogeny. Zoned belts of the andalusite-sillimanite type, associated with granitoids and blocks of the types mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2. Paleozoic belts—Pylginian and Suchan. Mesozoic belts—Taygonos, Central Kamchatka, Kitakami-Abukuma, and Ryoke. Glaucophane-schist belts, closely associated with ophiolite belts, frequently treated as ancient boundary zones of oceanic plates. Paleozoic belts—Penjinian, Sangun, and Matsugaidara-Motai. Early Mesozoic belts—Pekulnei-Vaega, Ganal, Susunai, Kamuikotan, and Sanbagawa. Greenschist terranes composed of uniformly metamorphosed rock series such as the Priamur’e Riphean rock series. Feebly metamorphosed rock series (prehnite-pumpellyite and laumontite facies) of different age. A comparison of the characteristics of each type of terrane, including tectonic setting, age, and interrelations with granitoids, reinforces the validity of Miyashiro’s “paired metamorphic belts” and the views of de Roever-Marakushev about progressive changes in the type of metamorphism as a function of time and tectonic stage.
Eclogite-Glaucophane Schist Complexes of the USSR and Their Bearing on the Genesis of Blueschist Terranes
USSR eclogite-glaucophane schist complexes are located in the northwestern circum-Pacific, Ural-Tien-Shan and Altai-Sayan regions. The Kamuikotan-Susunai belt of Hokkaido and Sakhalin is believed to be a northern continuation of the Mesozoic Sanbagawa belt of Honshu and Kyushu. The Penjina belt of Koryakia is among the more ancient blueschist terranes ( 40 K/ 40 Ar ages of 300 to 350 m.y.). It is characterized by a rather simple structural style, weakly schistose fabrics, and jadeite-lawsonite-bearing rocks that grade into typical greenschist. In the Ural-Tien-Shan belt, glaucophane schist and eclogites are confined to the Main Ural and Kan-Atbashy fault zones, and the two belts are of similar structure and age. The age of metamorphism is either Riphean (1,000 to 1,100 m.y.) or Ordovician-Silurian (380 to 450 m.y.). Although the facies relations vary at different localities, the rocks from this belt frequently contain glaucophane, jadeite with quartz, and eclogitic assemblages. The Ural-Tien-Shan terranes conclusively prove that schist containing glaucophane, lawsonite, and jadeite is not restricted to the relatively young (post-Paleozoic) metamorphic belts, as suggested by various authors, and that the genesis of intracontinental blueschist belts is more compatible with trough or rift systems than with typical subduction zones of oceanic plates. Laboratory data on gaseous-fluid inclusions, solid state metamorphic reactions, and field relations lead us to conclude that the high pressures associated with blueschist facies metamorphism are related to high fluid or “autoclave” overpressures generated by water released by dehydration reactions. Our work on the crystal chemistry of amphiboles reinforces the existence of intermediate Na-Ca amphiboles. We propose the name “barroisite” for intermediate Na-Ca amphiboles of the glaucophane-hornblende series and the name “winchite” for members in the glaucophane-actinolite series.