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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Arctic Ocean
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Asia
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Europe
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Arctic Ocean
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Norwegian Sea (1)
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Asia
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Middle East
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Iran (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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North Sea
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Gullfaks Field (7)
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Statfjord Field (1)
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Viking Graben (4)
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data processing (2)
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deformation (3)
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diagenesis (1)
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Europe
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Western Europe
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Scandinavia
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Norway (1)
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faults (7)
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fractures (2)
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geophysical methods (8)
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Indian Ocean
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Arabian Sea
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Persian Gulf (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Jurassic
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Heather Formation (1)
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Middle Jurassic
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Bajocian
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Ness Formation (1)
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Rannoch Formation (2)
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Tarbert Formation (1)
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CSEM-driven exploration over the Nordland Ridge
CSEM performance in light of well results
Diagnosis of the Upper Cretaceous palaeokarst and turbidite systems from the Iranian Persian Gulf using volume-based multiple seismic attribute analysis and pattern recognition
Are relay ramps conduits for fluid flow? Structural analysis of a relay ramp in Arches National Park, Utah
Abstract Relay ramps associated with overlapping faults are commonly regarded as efficient conduits for fluid flow across potentially sealing intra-reservoir fault zones. The current study demonstrates that structural heterogeneity in the often anomalously wide damage zone of relay ramps may represent potential baffles to intra-ramp fluid flow. A network of ramp-parallel, ramp-diagonal and curved cataclastic deformation bands causes compartmentalization of the ramp studied in Arches National Park, Utah. Harmonic average calculations demonstrate that, although single deformation bands have little or no effect on effective permeability, the presence of even a very small number of low-permeable deformation band clusters could reduce along-ramp effective permeability by more than three orders of magnitude. Thus, although relay zones may maintain large-scale geometric communication, the results of this study demonstrate that caution must be exercised when considering relay ramps as fluid conduits across sealing faults in a production situation. Although relay ramps clearly represent effective migration pathways for hydrocarbons over geological time, the extent to which they conduct fluids in a production situation is more uncertain. Quantitative approaches include adjusting the transmissibility multipliers for faults in reservoir models to allow for increased cross-fault flow. If, however, the effect of internal structural heterogeneity is not taken into consideration, this type of adjustment may lead to gross overestimation of the effect of relay ramps. Sedimentology, stratigraphy, burial history and deformation mechanisms are some of the controlling factors for the formation of such structural heterogeneities.
Fault interaction in porous sandstone and implications for reservoir management; examples from southern Utah
From seismic data to core data: an integrated approach to enhance reservoir characterization
Abstract Integrated structural analyses of seismic and various well data are necessary to optimize hydrocarbon reservoir characterization. However, there are many published examples from the oil and gas industry where single data types are analysed but not integrated. This may lead to erroneous interpretations and drainage strategies. As illustrated by an example from the area around well 34/10–B-12 in the North Sea Gullfaks Field, integrated structural interpretation should typically utilize all available seismic surveys, well log correlation data, dipmeter data and core data. Interpretation of seismic data helps in the understanding of large-scale structural and stratigraphic geometries. Time-lapse (4D) seismic helps to identify changes in reservoir properties caused by injection and production. Well log correlation data are used to document variations in zonation thickness caused by sedimentological or structural changes. Dipmeter data tie observations of bedding orientation from seismic data to subseismic scale. Core data represent the most detailed (millimetre to metre scale) data available and can yield information on rock properties as well as sedimentological and (micro)structural features. Small-scale deformation structures such as deformation bands and fractures can typically be identified and characterized. In addition, it is possible from unorientated cores to find the orientation of bedding and deformation structures. This information is compared to observations from dipmeter data, well log correlation data and seismic data to improve the interpretation. Well 34/10–B-12 is a hanging wall injector near one of the large-scale faults in the Gullfaks Field. Several 3D seismic surveys are available from the area, as are standard well log data, dipmeter information and cores. Together, the data range from millimetre to kilometre with some overlap between the data types. Through integrated analysis, pitfalls such as interpreting any linear feature on timedip attribute maps as faults has been avoided. Also, a geometric relation between core-scale and seismic-scale faults has been established, and it has been possible to relate small-scale and large-scale structures in a model which is consistent with all the available data.