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Lithified and Unlithified Mg-Calcite Precipitates in Tropical Reef Environments
Event preservation in lagoonal reef systems
Possible vestige of early phosphatic biomineralization in gorgonian octocorals (Coelenterata)
Microboring Versus Recrystallization: Further Insight into the Micritization Process
Formation of lithified micritic laminae in modern marine stromatolites (Bahamas); the role of sulfur cycling
Carbonate recrystallization in shallow marine environments: a widespread diagenetic process forming micritized grains
Recrystallization in living porcelaneous Foraminifera (Archaias angulatis): textural changes without mineralogic alteration
Growth history of stromatolites in a Holocene fringing reef, Stocking Island, Bahamas
Crystal alteration in a living calcareous alga (Halimeda); implications for studies in skeletal diagenesis
Stromatolites associated with coralgal communities in Holocene high-energy reefs: Comment and Reply
Modern stromatolite reefs fringing a brackish coastline, Chetumal Bay, Belize
Comment on the origin of aragonite needle mud; a picture is worth a thousand words
Phylogenetic implications of calcium carbonate mineralogy in the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)
Micritized skeletal grains in northern Belize Lagoon; a major source of Mg-calcite mud
Foraminiferal-algal nodules from the eastern Caribbean; growth history and implications on the value of nodules as paleoenvironmental indicators
Abstract The origin of peloidal textures common to submarine substrates lithified by magnesium calcite has been a subject of controversy. A review of the proposed origins of this intriguing and diagnostic feature of magnesium calcite submarine cements reveals four suggested sources for these peloids—algal, sediment, replacement and precipitate origins. A reconsideration of both the petrographic and chemical characteristics of these peloidal textures indicates that they probably originate primarily in chemical processes that may involve repeated nucleation around centers of growth. Several factors support this hypothesis: the peloids have a generally limited size range; their shape is typically spherical; the best-developed peloidal textures occur in restricted microcavities; peloidal textures exhibit well-developed zonation in many cement crusts; peloids and associated magnesium calcite rim cements have a similar chemical composition; and textural and depositional fabric characteristics are similar in magnesium calcite peloids and in precipitated spheroidal aggregates of pyrite. The pelletizing action of cryptic organisms and calcification of algal filaments also play a role—although a somewhat more limited one—in the formation of a peloidal texture in these magnesium calcite cements. With the recognition that some calcite peloidal textures can be formed chemically, caution is urged in interpreting the origin of “pelleted” limestones.
Extensive submarine lithification in a cave in the Belize barrier reef platform
Carbonate reference samples for electron microprobe and scanning electron microscope analyses
Growth, Depositional Facies, and Diagenesis of a Modern Bioherm, Galeta Point, Panama
Abstract Details of the growth history of a coral reef are available from thirteen closely-spaced cores retrieved from Galeta Reef, Panama. The core holes were drilled along two transects extending from inshore mangroves to the outer reef slope of this small fringing reef, which is located 6 km (3.7 mi) east of the Panama Canal off the Caribbean coast. This reef is at least 14 m (50 ft) thick, has six distinct reef facies, and is established on the erosional surface of the middle Miocene Gatun Formation, which consists of a calcareous argillaceous siltstone (Macintyre and Glynn, 1976). Core analysis has revealed that throughout most of its development Galeta Reef was a typical Caribbean fringing reef dominated by the branching coral Acropora palmata , but having a mixed coral-head community on its seaward slope. A marked reduction in the rates of seA-1evel rise during the latter stages of the Holocene transgression restricted the further development of Galeta Reef, so that it became an emergent reef with a well-cemented, shallow fore-reef pavement and an extensive coral-rubble reef flat (Macintyre and Glynn 1976). Despite its small size in comparison with oil-reservoir reefs, Galeta Reef provides insight into the contemporaneous distribution of submarine cements and porosity in reef facies. Both are related primarily to (I) the rate of skeletal frame accumulation and (2) the degree of water agitation in the various environments of reef deposition. Rapid framework construction has produced an open network and has limited the time for development of submarine cement, a near-surface phenomenon at Galeta. Agitation affects porosity by controlling deposition of fine sediments and precipitation of submarine cements; the latter is enhanced in areas of increased water agitation.