ABSTRACT The Kingfisher field is located in Blocks 16/8a and 16/8d in the South Viking Graben 278 km (173 mi) northeast of Aberdeen. The field was discovered in 1972 by Shell/Esso well 16/8-1, which targeted a faulted anticlinal structure and encountered thin-bedded and poor quality reservoir sandstones within a dip closure mapped at the Base Cretaceous unconformity (BCU) level. The field was first appraised in 1984 by well 16/8a-4, which encountered a better quality Brae sandstone member reservoir interval to the northwest of the discovery well. Further appraisal wells 16/8a-8, 16/8a-9, and 16/8a-9z confirmed the presence of good quality reservoir sands across the central and western parts of the field. The exploration and appraisal drilling established the fluid contacts in the field and also critically helped to delineate the transition from good quality axial to poorer quality distal facies within the outer part of the Brae submarine fan system. Furthermore, data from development well drilling and reservoir behavior during production of the field have provided insights into the static and dynamic connectivity within the Brae sandstone member reservoirs as well as provided additional insights into the controls on reservoir quality and productivity. This chapter aims to build on the previous published information on the field by providing further details on the geological characteristics of the Brae sandstone member reservoirs within the Kingfisher field and how the reservoir architecture and properties, in addition to aquifer connectivity, have determined well and reservoir production performance and behavior.

Abstract The Fram discovery, located in the UK Central North Sea, comprises the Paleocene-aged Forties Sandstone Member with an oil rim and primary gas-cap trapped within a four-way dip closure around a pierced salt diapir. The Forties Sandstone Member reservoir at Fram is characterized by very-fine- to fine-grained sandstones interbedded with shales with post-depositional small-scale slumping and sand injection, interpreted to be the product of high-density turbidity currents and debris flows. Deposition was in an overall distal and marginal, basin-floor lobe environment. The Forties reservoir interval is considered to comprise a series of offset-stacked, turbidite lobes characterized by a systematic variation from axial amalgamated sandstone facies to more distal, marginal and thinner-bedded heterolithic sandstone facies, producing an overall sheet-like reservoir architecture. The Forties reservoir at Fram is thinner and poorer when compared with more proximal parts of the Forties submarine fan system, and reservoir quality is strongly controlled by sedimentary facies. The architecture of the reservoir is expected to result in poorer vertical, but greater lateral, stratigraphic continuity when compared with more channelized Forties reservoirs such as the Nelson and Forties fields further to the north. A key step in understanding and characterizing the Fram reservoir was the appraisal drilling in 2009, which included coring, comprehensive wireline logging, formation pressure data acquisition and a drill stem production test. This paper provides an overview of the Fram reservoir geology and demonstrates how integration of data acquired in the 2009 29/3c-8,8z appraisal wells with 3D seismic datasets, existing E&A wells and analogues has helped to improve reservoir characterization and identify the major subsurface uncertainties needing to be addressed during the field-development planning.