ABSTRACT The work of Bé (1968) and Bé and others (1969) on the shell porosity of modern planktonic foraminifera provides additional criteria for categorizing the taxonomy of Oligocene genera and even species according to their test pore size and concentration. Use of these criteria in addition to the type of wall texture provides further information for the separation of groups of normal perforate Oligocene planktonic foraminifera for phylogeny and classification. In addition to wall textures recognized in the Eocene (Hemleben and Olsson, 2006) two types of wall texture are recognized in Oligocene spinose planktonic foraminifera: a Neogloboquadrina -type which occurs in the new genus Ciperoella and a conglobatus -type which occurs in two species of Dentoglobigerina.

ABSTRACT The taxonomy, phylogeny and biostratigraphy of Oligocene Globigerina, Globigerinella and the new genus Quiltyella is reviewed. Globigerina and Globigerinella are long-ranging genera that extend into the modern. Globigerina appeared in the middle Eocene and diversified in the early Oligocene to give rise to several geographically wide-ranging and cosmopolitan species. Globigerinella originated and diversified in the early Oligocene and includes both common cosmopolitan species together with rare clavate and digitate species that were previously referred to the genus Protentella Lipps. Based on new wall textural studies we describe a third related genus, Quiltyella Coxall and Spezzaferri n. gen., which is always rare and highly geographically restricted. This is distinguished from Globigerina and Globigerinella by the higher pore concentration and extreme digitate chamber morphology. The following species are considered as valid: Globigerina archaeobulloides Hemleben and Olsson n. sp., Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny, Globigerina officinalis Subbotina, Globigerinella clavaticamerata (Jenkins), Globigerinella megaperta Rögl, Globigerinella molinae (Popescu and Brotea), Globigerinella navazuelensis (Molina), Globigerinella obesa (Bolli), Globigerinella praesiphonifera (Blow), Globigerinella roeglina Spezzaferri and Coxall n. sp., and Globigerinella wagneri (Rögl), Quiltyella clavacella (Rögl), and Quiltyella nazcaensis (Quilty).

ABSTRACT Ciperoella Olsson and Hemleben n. gen. is erected for Oligocene spinose species that have a neogloboquadrinid-type wall texture and 4½-5 similarly sized chambers in the final whorl. Four species are recognized as distinct, namely Ciperoella anguliofficinalis (Blow), Ciperoella angulisuturalis (Bolli), Ciperoella ciperoensis (Bolli), and Ciperoella fariasi (Bermúdez). Their taxonomy, phylogeny, and biostratigraphy is discussed.

ABSTRACT The taxonomy, phylogeny and biostratigraphy of Oligocene and lower Miocene Globoturborotalita is reviewed. Globoturborotalita is a long-ranging genus appearing in the basal Eocene and still present in modern oceans with one living representative G. rubescens. Species attributed to this genus are generally common and cosmopolitan. The following species are recognized as valid: Globoturborotalita barbula Pearson and Wade, Globoturborotalita bassriverensis Olsson and Hemleben, Globoturborotalita brazieri (Jenkins), Globoturborotalita cancellata (Pessagno), Globoturborotalita connecta (Jenkins), Globoturborotalita eolabiacrassata Spezzaferri and Coxall n. sp., Globoturborotalita euapertura (Jenkins), Globoturborotalita gnaucki (Blow and Banner), Globoturborotalita labiacrassata (Jenkins), Globoturborotalita martini (Blow and Banner), Globoturborotalita occlusa (Blow and Banner), Globoturborotalita ouachitaensis (Howe and Wallace), Globoturborotalita paracancellata Olsson and Hemleben n. sp., Globoturborotalita pseudopraebulloides Olsson and Hemleben n. sp., and Globoturborotalita woodi (Jenkins).

ABSTRACT The taxonomy, phylogeny and biostratigraphy of late Oligocene and early Miocene Globigerinoides and Trilobatus is reviewed. Trilobatus and Globigerinoides are two long-ranging genera appearing in the late Oligocene and early Miocene, respectively. They diversified within the range interval of Paragloborotalia kugleri and are still present in modern oceans as some of the most abundant mixed-layer dwelling groups. The distinctive characteristic of the genera is the presence of one to several supplementary apertures on the spiral side. Globigerinoides species possess a ruber/sacculifer -type wall, Trilobatus possesses a sacculifer-type wall texture. The ruber -type wall texture probably appeared in the late Miocene with the appearance of G. ruber s.s. The following species of Globigerinoides are recognized as valid: G. altiaperturus Bolli, G. bollii Blow, G. italicus Mosna and Vercesi, G. joli Spezzaferri n. sp., G. neoparawoodi Spezzaferri n. sp., G. obliquas Bolli, and G. subquadratus Brönnimann. The following species of Trilobatus are recognized as valid: T. altospiralis Spezzaferri n. sp., T. immaturus (LeRoy), T. praeimmaturus (Brönnimann and Resig), T. primordius (Blow and Banner), T. quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny), T. subsacculifer (Cita, Premoli Silva, and Rossi) and T. trilobus (Reuss).

ABSTRACT The taxonomy, phylogeny, and biostratigraphy of Oligocene and lower Miocene Dentoglobigerina and Globoquadrina are reviewed. Because of the discovery of spine holes in various species assigned to these genera, the entire group is now considered to have been fully or sparsely spinose in life and hence part of Family Globigerinidae. One new species, Dentoglobigerina eotripartita Pearson, Wade, and Olsson n. sp., is named. Dentoglobigerina includes forms with and without umbilical teeth and species for which the presence or absence of a tooth is a variable feature. A significant finding has been the triple synonymy of Globigerina tripartita Koch, Globigerina rohri Bolli, and Globoquadrina dehiscens praedehiscens Blow, which greatly simplifies part of the taxonomy. The genus Globoquadrina is restricted to its type species, Globigerina dehiscens Chapman and others. The following species from the time interval of interest are regarded as valid: Dentoglobigerina altispira (Cushman and Jarvis), Dentoglobigerina haroemoenensis (LeRoy), Dentoglobigerina binaiensis (Koch), Dentoglobigerina eotripartita Pearson, Wade, and Olsson n. sp., Dentoglobigerina galavisi (Bermúdez), Dentoglobigerina globosa (Bolli), Dentoglobigerina globularis (Bermúdez), Dentoglobigerina juxtabinaiensis Fox and Wade, Dentoglobigerina larmeui (Akers), Dentoglobigerina prasaepis (Blow), Dentoglobigerina pseudovenezuelana (Blow and Banner), Dentoglobigerina sellii (Borsetti), Dentoglobigerina taci Pearson and Wade, Dentoglobigerina tapuriensis (Blow and Banner), Dentoglobigerina tripartita (Koch), Dentoglobigerina venezuelana (Hedberg), and Globoquadrina dehiscens (Chapman, Parr, and Collins). The genus Dentoglobigerina also comprises other Neogene/Quaternary species not listed, including the living species Dentoglobigerina cf. conglomerata (Schwager).

ABSTRACT New biostratigraphic investigations on deep sea cores and outcrop sections have revealed several shortcomings in currently used (sub)tropical Eocene planktonic foraminiferal zonal schemes in the form of 1) modified taxonomic concepts, 2) modified/ different ranges of taxa, and 3) improved calibrations with magnetostratigraphy. This new information has provided us with an opportunity of making some necessary improvements to extant Eocene biostratigraphic schemes in the form of a revised zonation (Berggren and Pearson, 2005). At the same time we provide a numerical notation for Eocene and Oligocene zones using the prefix ‘E’ (for Eocene) and ‘O’ (for Oligocene) to achieve consistency with recent short-hand notation for other Cenozoic zones (Paleocene [‘P’], Miocene [‘M’], Pliocene [PL] and Pleistocene [PT]). The new Eocene (and a modified 6-fold Oligocene) zonation is presented here as the biostratigraphic template for the taxonomic and phylogenetic data presented in this Atlas.

ABSTRACT The Antarctic Paleogene planktonic foraminifer zonation was revised by Huber and Quillévéré (2005) using the most consistent and reliable planktonic foraminifer first and last occurrence events that can be correlated among southern high latitude sites. Shorthand prefixes for the Antarctic Paleogene zones have been created to include ‘AP’ zones for the ‘Antarctic Paleocene’, ‘AE’ zones for the ‘Antarctic Eocene’, and ‘AO’ zones for the ‘Antarctic Oligocene’. In this chapter the zonal definitions, magnetostratigraphic calibration, and estimated ages are summarized for each of the Antarctic Eocene zones and Zone AP4.

ABSTRACT Analysis of the wall structures of Eocene normal perforate planktonic foraminifera permits the separation of groups of taxa that have significance for phylogeny and classification. The following spinose wall textures are recognized: sacculifer -type, ruber -type, sacculifer/ruber -type, Turborotalita -type, bulloides -type, and Clavigerinella -type. The Clavigerinella -type is subdivided into a Hantkenina -subtype in which spines have apparently been lost, except perhaps in some juvenile stages. Nonspinose wall texture includes smooth-walled, muricate, Globoquadrina -type, Turborotalia -type, and microperforate. The Globoquadrina -type is believed to have originated from the muricate genus Acarinina in the development of Dentoglobigerina, and the Turborotalia -type originated from the smooth-walled genus Globanomalina in the development of the genus Turborotalia. Diagenetic alterations of primary wall texture include dissolution, degradation of layered wall structure, and recrystallization. This has implications for the recognition/interpretation of wall texture.

Abstract The taxonomy, phylogeny, and biostratigraphy of Eocene Catapsydrax, Globorotaloides, Guem-belitrioides, Paragloborotalia, Parasubbotina, and Pseudoglobigerinella Olsson and Pearson n. gen. are reviewed. A total of 17 species are recognized as distinct, namely Catapsydrax africanus (Blow and Banner), Catapsydrax dissimilis (Cushman and Bermúdez), Catapsydrax globiformis (Blow and Banner), Catapsydrax howei (Blow and Banner), Catapsydrax unicavus Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, Globorotaloides eovariabilis Huber and Pearson n. sp., Globorotaloides quadrocameratus Olsson, Pearson, and Huber n. sp., Guembelitrioides nuttalli (Hamilton), Paragloborotalia griffinoides Olsson and Pearson n. sp., Paragloborotalia nana (Bolli), Parasubbotina eoclava Coxall, Huber, and Pearson, Parasubbotina griffinae (Blow), Parasubbotina inaequispira (Subbotina), Parasubbotina prebetica (Martinez-Gallego and Cremades), Parasubbotina pseudowilsoni Olsson and Pearson n. sp., Parasubbotina varianta (Subbotina), and Pseudoglobigerinella bolivariana (Petters).

ABSTRACT The taxonomy, phylogeny, and biostratigraphy of Eocene Globigerina, Globoturborotalita, Subbotina, and Turborotalita are reviewed. Twenty-three species are recognized as distinct, namely Globigerina officinalis Subbotina, Globoturborotalita anguliofficinalis (Blow), Globoturborotalita bassriverensis Olsson and Hemleben n. sp., Globoturborotalita gnaucki (Blow and Banner), Globoturborotalita martini (Blow and Banner), Globoturborotalita ouachitaensis (Howe and Wallace), Subbotina angiporoides (Hornibrook), Subbotina corpulenta (Subbotina), Subbotina crociapertura Blow, Subbotina eocaena (Guembel), Subbotina gortanii (Borsetti), Subbotina hagni (Gohrbandt), Subbotina hornibrooki (Brönnimann), Subbotina jacksonensis (Bandy), Subbotina linaperta (Finlay), Subbotina patagonica (Todd and Kniker), Subbotina roesnaesensis Olsson and Berggren n. sp., Subbotina senni (Beckmann), Subbotina utilisindex (Jenkins and Orr), Subbotina velascoensis (Cushman), Subbotina yeguaensis (Weinzierl and Applin), Turborotalita carcoselleensis (Tourmarkine and Bolli), and Turborotalita praequinqueloba Hemleben and Olsson n. sp.

ABSTRACT Globigerinathekids were abundant and diverse through the middle and upper Eocene. Globigerinatheka comprises 11 species, namely G. barri Brönnimann, G. curryi Proto Decima and Bolli, G. euganea Proto Decima and Bolli, G. index (Finlay), G. korotkovi (Keller), G. kugleri (Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan), G. luterbacheri Bolli, G. mexicana (Cushman), G. semiinvoluta (Keijzer), G. subconglobata (Shutskaya), and G. tropicalis (Blow and Banner). Orbulinoides is a monotypic genus comprised solely of the short ranging species O. beckmanni (Saito). In this paper the taxonomy, phylogeny, and biostratigraphy of Globigerinatheka Brönnimann, 1952 (emended Proto Decima and Bolli, 1970) and Orbulinoides Cordey, 1968 (emended Proto Decima and Bolli, 1970) are reviewed.

ABSTRACT The taxonomy, biostratigraphy and phylogeny of Family Hantkeninidae, incorporating the genera Clavigerinella, Hantkenina and Cribrohantkenina, is reviewed. The family comprises a monophyletic clade that evolved from Parasubbotina in the basal middle Eocene. A total of 16 species are recognized as distinct; Clavigerinella akersi Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan; Clavigerinella caucasica (Subbotina); Clavigerinella colombian a (Petters); Clavigerinella eocanica (Nuttall); Clavigerinella jarvisi (Cushman); Cribrohantkenina inflata (Howe); Hantkenina alabamensis Cushman; Hantkenina australis Finlay; Hantkenina compressa Parr; Hantkenina dumblei Weinzierl and Applin; Hantkenina lehneri Cushman and Jarvis; Hantkenina liebusi Shokhina; Hantkenina mexicana Cushman; Hantkenina nanggulanensis Hartono; Hantkenina primitiva Cushman and Jarvis; and Hantkenina singanoae Pearson and Coxall n. sp.

ABSTRACT The taxonomy, phylogeny and biostratigraphic ranges of 28 Eocene species of Acarinina are discussed together with detailed synonymies. The early Eocene is characterized by the radiation of two different groups - one characterized by rounded/inflated chambers and the other by anguloconical chambers - which are derived, in turn, from two late Paleocene lineages: the soldadoensis lineage (itself derived from Acarinina mckannai ) and the esnaensis-wilcoxensis lineage (itself derived from Acarinina nitida ). We interpret the genus Truncorotaloides as a synonym of Acarinina. Acarinina is regarded as paraphyletic, in that it gave rise to Morozovelloides Pearson and Berggren n. gen. in the upper part of the lower Eocene (see Pearson and Berggren Chapter 10, this volume). The following species are recognized in this chapter: Acarinina africana (El Naggar), Acarinina alticonica Fleisher, Acarinina angulosa (Bolli), Acarinina aspensis (Colom), Acarinina boudreauxi Fleisher, Acarinina bullbrooki (Bolli), Acarinina coalingensis (Cushman and Hanna), Acarinina collactea (Finlay), Acarinina cuneicamerata (Blow), Acarinina echinata (Bolli), Acarinina esnaensis (LeRoy), Acarinina esnehensis (Nakkady), Acarinina interposita Subbotina, Acarinina mcgowrani Wade and Pearson n. sp., Acarinina medizzai (Toumarkine and Bolli), Acarinina pentacamerata (Subbotina), Acarinina praetopilensis (Blow), Acarinina primitiva (Finlay), Acarinina pseudosubsphaerica Pearson and Berggren n. sp., Acarinina pseudotopilensis Subbotina, Acarinina punctocarinata Fleisher, Acarinina quetra (Bolli), Acarinina rohri (Brönnimann and Bermúdez), Acarinina sibaiyaensis (El Naggar), Acarinina soldadoensis (Brönnimann), Acarinina subsphaerica (Subbotina), Acarinina topilensis (Cushman), and Acarinina wilcoxensis (Cushman and Ponton).

ABSTRACT Morozovelloides n. gen (type species Globorotalia lehneri, Cushman and Jarvis, 1929) is erected to incorporate four keeled species of middle Eocene planktonic foraminifera that have generally been included in Globorotalia or Morozovella in previous studies, but are here regarded as comprising a distinct clade descended from Acarinina. The constituent species are Morozovelloides bandyi (Fleisher, 1974), Morozovelloides coronatus (Blow, 1979), Morozovelloides crassatus (Cushman, 1925) and Morozovelloides lehneri (Cushman and Jarvis, 1929). Their taxonomy, phylogeny and biostratigraphy is reviewed.