The challenges posed by carbonate reservoirs today have been recognized for decades. ‘Old’ problems include the prediction of heterogeneous carbonate rock properties in the subsurface, the variable wettability of carbonate rocks, and the uneven sweep and early water breakthrough that commonly result from the presence of fractures, karst and/or other heterogeneities providing high-permeability flow paths (Bulnes & Fitting 1945; Craze 1950). While recent shifts in the industry have diverted attention to unconventional resources, conventional carbonate reservoirs remain the largest class of oil resources for the planet. Their recoveries, however, remain relatively low overall (Montaron 2008;...
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