4. CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE (CCS)

Over time it has become apparent that the increase in the CO₂ concentration of the atmosphere, induced by anthropogenic activities, was and is continuing to provoke global warming, sea-level rise, ocean acidification and potentially global health issues (see Section 3). Concerns over these and other consequences of anthropogenic carbon emissions have led many to call for a global effort to attenuate or even reverse the trend of concentration change of CO₂ in our atmosphere. Decreasing the rate of increase of atmospheric CO₂ concentration can be attained either by 1) replacing carbon-emitting processes such as fossil fuel burning,...