Three rhombiferan cystoid specimens have been recovered from the Lower Silurian Brassfield Formation near Fairborn, Ohio, that represent a new genus in the Callocystitidae. These specimens are assigned to Anartiocystis foerstei n. gen., n. sp. and belong to the callocystitid subfamily Apiocystitinae. Anartiocystis lived with a diverse crinoid fauna, as well as with the apiocystitinid Brockocystis. Both Brockocystis and Anartiocystis are descendants of the Upper Ordovician apiocystitinid, Lepadocystis.--Modified journal abstract.