Discovery of a Camelus thomasi from northern Sudan, and a detailed study of the relationship between C. thomasi, C. bactrianus and C. dromedarius indicate that while C. thomasi and C. bactrianus belong to the Pleistocene Asiatic camels, C. thomasi differs strikingly from C. dromedarius and has no relationship with it. C. thomasi, which yielded the domesticated C. bactrianus, migrated into southern Europe during the Pleistocene epoch and apparently penetrated rather far into Africa.