Paleogene and Neogene (Miocene) deposits are characterized palynologically. Vegetation formations for Eocene and Miocene optimums as well as climatic minimums of Early Oligocene and Middle Miocene are reconstructed. Distribution of vegetation over the territory is described. Quantitative indexes of the climate are reported: mean temperatures of July and January, annual temperatures and precipitations. Deviations of climatic indexes in Paleogene and Neogene from their modern values are calculated. The greatest deviations of July and January temperatures are concluded to have taken place at high latitudes (north of 60°). At the middle latitudes the deviations were the least. The climatic indexes are of great interest for prognostic scenarios for the 21st century.

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