Impedance Spectroscopy of the Mineral–Electrolyte Interfaces Available to Purchase

This chapter centers on the interactions between the low-frequency electrical and electromagnetic (E&EM) field (1 mHz–10 kHz) and geomaterials, viz the low-frequency impedance spectroscopy (IS), for its merit of interrogating the mineral–electrolyte interfaces (Dukhin 1993). Although the term IS is used here, it may appear as induced polarization (Sumner 1976), low-frequency dielectric dispersion (Schwarz 1962), and complex conductivity/resistivity methods (Börner 2009) in the literature of other disciplines. The IS method investigates the mineral–electrolyte system across micro-, meso- and macro-scales. The micro-scale electrical double layer (EDL), whose physicochemical properties are depicted by surface...