Carbon is highly important for our biosphere, not just because it forms organic compounds; it also creates atmospheric greenhouse gases, pH buffers in seawater, and redox buffers virtually everywhere. Carbon species can stabilize metamorphic minerals and they can affect plutonism and volcanism. These various C constituents all interact via the biogeochemical C cycle, an array of C reservoirs linked by a network of physical, chemical and biological processes. The overall C cycle actually consists of multiple nested cyclic pathways that differ with respect to some of their reservoirs and processes (Fig. 11). However, all pathways ultimately pass through...
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