Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth, constituting about 43 percent by weight of the crust and mantle. While most of this mass is incorporated into silicates, the next most abundant mineral group in the planet is the oxides. The oxide minerals are generally considered to be those oxygen-based minerals that do not contain a distinct polyanionic species such as OH−, CO32−, SO42− PO43−, SiO44−, etc. The oxide structures are also of interest in mineral physics, because, at high pressure, many silicates are known to...
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