The deformation and failure of large faults during coal seam mining can result in channels being formed that are connected to aquifers, which can present a serious threat to the safe mining of coal seams. This study takes the Beigongcun No. 1 fault in the No. 7 mining area of the Dongtan Coal Mine as a case study, aiming to explore the deformation and permeability resistance of large faults. Through the establishment of an engineering geological model, FLAC3D software is used to simulate the fluid–solid coupling of the mining process. The results show that as the working face advances, the compressive stress within 40 m of the fault decreases significantly and is most affected by mining at 20 m below the coal seam after mining to the fault. The calculated fault permeability strength is lower than the Ordovician limestone water pressure. Further simulation of the fault mining with different dip angles shows that the failure modes are basically the same but the failure depth is different. In the dip angle range of 50°–80°, the fault failure depth is smallest for a dip angle of 65°, and the fault resistance strength is greatest for a dip angle of 60°. This shows that the depth of fault failure is greatest at a specific dip angle.

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