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Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste in Deep Clay Formations: 40 Years of RD&D in the Belgian URL HADES
Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste in Deep Clay Formations: 40 Years of RD&D in the Belgian URL HADES
CONTAINS OPEN ACCESS
Geological Society of London

Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved
© 2023 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
ISBN electronic:
9781786205018
ISBN print:
9781786205933
Publication date:
August 24, 2023
Over the past four decades, research in the HADES underground research laboratory has demonstrated that the geological disposal of radioactive waste in clay can provide a safe and feasible disposal solution. This Special Publication presents the main contributions of the HADES laboratory to Belgian and international research into geological disposal.
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Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste in Deep Clay Formations: 40 Years of RD&D in the Belgian URL HADESEditor(s): X. L. Li, M. Van Geet, C. Bruggeman, M. De Craenhttps://doi.org/10.1144/SP536ISBN (print): 9781786205933ISBN (electronic): 9781786205018Publisher: Geological Society of LondonPublished: 2023Download citation file:
Table of Contents
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Introduction
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Geological disposal of radioactive waste in deep clay formations: celebrating 40 years of RD&D in the Belgian URL HADESAuthor(s)Maarten Van Geet;Maarten Van Geet1ONDRAF/NIRAS, Kunstlaan 14, B-1210 Brussels,Belgium*Correspondence: [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Christophe Bruggeman;Christophe Bruggeman2SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Mieke De CraenMieke De Craen3European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment (EURIDICE), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:
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Supporting ONDRAF/NIRAS' safety statements
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The role of the HADES URL in better understanding of the Boom Clay pore water geochemistryAuthor(s)Mieke De Craen;Mieke De Craen1European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment, EIG EURIDICE, Boeretang 200, Mol,Belgium2SCK CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol,Belgium*Correspondence: [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Hugo Moors;Hugo Moors2SCK CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Miroslav Honty;Miroslav Honty2SCK CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Maarten M. Van GeetMaarten M. Van Geet3ONDRAF/NIRAS, Kunstlaan 14, Brussels,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:
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Forty years of investigation into the thermo-hydromechanical behaviour of Boom Clay in the HADES URLAuthor(s)Xiangling Li;Xiangling Li1EURIDICE, European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol,Belgium*Correspondence: [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Arnaud Dizier;Arnaud Dizier1EURIDICE, European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Guangjing Chen;Guangjing Chen1EURIDICE, European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Jan Verstricht;Jan Verstricht1EURIDICE, European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Séverine LevasseurSéverine Levasseur2ONDRAF/NIRAS, Belgian Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials, Kunstlaan 14, B-1210 Brussels,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:
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Characterization of Boom Clay anisotropic THM behaviour based on two heating tests at different scales in the HADES URLAuthor(s)Guangjing Chen;Guangjing Chen1European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment (EURIDICE), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol,Belgium*Correspondence: [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Xiangling Li;Xiangling Li1European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment (EURIDICE), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Arnaud Dizier;Arnaud Dizier1European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment (EURIDICE), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Jan Verstricht;Jan Verstricht1European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment (EURIDICE), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Xavier Sillen;Xavier Sillen2ONDRAF/NIRAS, Kunstlaan 14, B-1210 Brussels,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Severine LevasseurSeverine Levasseur2ONDRAF/NIRAS, Kunstlaan 14, B-1210 Brussels,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:
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Gas transport in Boom Clay: the role of the HADES URL in process understandingAuthor(s)Elke Jacops;Elke Jacops1SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol,Belgium*Correspondence: [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Li Yu;Li Yu1SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Guangjing Chen;Guangjing Chen2European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment (EURIDICE), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Séverine LevasseurSéverine Levasseur3ONDRAF/NIRAS, Kunstlaan 14, B-1210 Brussels,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:
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Lessons learned from in situ corrosion experiments in the HADES URLAuthor(s)Bruno Kursten;Bruno Kursten1SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol,Belgium*Correspondence: [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Sébastien Caes;Sébastien Caes1SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Valdir de Souza;Valdir de Souza1SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Roberto GaggianoRoberto Gaggiano2ONDRAF/NIRAS, Kunstlaan 14, B-1210 Brussels,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:
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CP1 and Tribicarb-3D: unique long-term and large-scale in situ migration tests in Boom Clay at the HADES Underground Research LaboratoryAuthor(s)Marc Aertsens;Marc Aertsens1SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol,Belgium*Correspondence: [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Eef Weetjens;Eef Weetjens1SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Joan Govaerts;Joan Govaerts1SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Norbert Maes;Norbert Maes1SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Stéphane BrassinnesStéphane Brassinnes2ONDRAF/NIRAS, Kunstlaan 14, B-1210 Brussels,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:
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Coupled flow and transport modelling of a large-scale in situ migration experiment with 14C-labelled natural organic matter colloids in Boom ClayAuthor(s)Joan Govaerts;Joan Govaerts1SCKCEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol,Belgium*Correspondence: [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Norbert Maes;Norbert Maes1SCKCEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Delphine Durce;Delphine Durce1SCKCEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Marc Aertsens;Marc Aertsens1SCKCEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Stéphane BrassinnesStéphane Brassinnes2ONDRAF/NIRAS, Kunstlaan 14, B-1210 Brussels,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:
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Supporting ONDRAF/NIRAS' feasibility statements
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The construction of the HADES underground research laboratory and its role in the development of the Belgian concept of a deep geological repositoryAuthor(s)Xiangling Li;Xiangling Li1EURIDICE, European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol,Belgium*Correspondence: [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Bernard Neerdael;Bernard Neerdael2SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety,Belgium (retired)
† Search for other works by this author on:Didier Raymaekers;Didier Raymaekers3ONDRAF/NIRAS, Belgian Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials, Kunstlaan 14, B-1210 Brussels,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Xavier SillenXavier Sillen3ONDRAF/NIRAS, Belgian Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials, Kunstlaan 14, B-1210 Brussels,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on: -
Stability analysis and long-term behaviour of deep tunnels in clay formationsAuthor(s)Arnaud Dizier;Arnaud Dizier1European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment (EURIDICE), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol,Belgium*Correspondence: [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Marc Scibetta;Marc Scibetta2SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Gilles Armand;Gilles Armand3ANDRA, French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency, RD 960, BP9, 55290 Bure,FranceSearch for other works by this author on:Jad Zghondi;Jad Zghondi3ANDRA, French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency, RD 960, BP9, 55290 Bure,FranceSearch for other works by this author on:Temenuga Georgieva;Temenuga Georgieva1European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment (EURIDICE), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Guangjing Chen;Guangjing Chen1European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment (EURIDICE), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Jan Verstricht;Jan Verstricht1European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment (EURIDICE), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Xiangling Li;Xiangling Li1European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment (EURIDICE), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Didier Léonard;Didier Léonard4ONDRAF/NIRAS, Avenue des arts 14, B-1210 Bruxelles,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Severine LevasseurSeverine Levasseur4ONDRAF/NIRAS, Avenue des arts 14, B-1210 Bruxelles,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:
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Assessment of long-term sensor performance based on a large THM experiment in the HADES URLAuthor(s)Jan Verstricht;Jan Verstricht1European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment (EURIDICE), Mol,Belgium*Correspondence: [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Dries Nackaerts;Dries Nackaerts1European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment (EURIDICE), Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Xiang Ling Li;Xiang Ling Li1European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment (EURIDICE), Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Didier Leonard;Didier Leonard2ONDRAF/NIRAS, Kunstlaan 14, B-1210 Brussels,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Séverine Levasseur;Séverine Levasseur2ONDRAF/NIRAS, Kunstlaan 14, B-1210 Brussels,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Maarten Van GeetMaarten Van Geet2ONDRAF/NIRAS, Kunstlaan 14, B-1210 Brussels,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:
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Supporting international RD&D programmes
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Forty-five years of joint research programmes on geological disposal of radioactive waste and the pioneering role of the HADES Underground Research LaboratoryAuthor(s)Seif Ben Hadj Hassine;
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Contribution of HADES URL to the development of the Cigéo project, the French industrial centre for geological disposal of high-level and long-lived intermediate-level radioactive waste in a deep clay formationAuthor(s)Gilles Armand;Gilles Armand1French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency, (ANDRA), 1/7, rue Jean Monnet, Parc de la Croix-Blanche, 92298 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex,France*Correspondence: [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Fréderic Plas;Fréderic Plas1French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency, (ANDRA), 1/7, rue Jean Monnet, Parc de la Croix-Blanche, 92298 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex,FranceSearch for other works by this author on:Jean Talandier;Jean Talandier1French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency, (ANDRA), 1/7, rue Jean Monnet, Parc de la Croix-Blanche, 92298 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex,FranceSearch for other works by this author on:Arnaud Dizier;Arnaud Dizier2European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment (EURIDICE), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Xiang Ling Li;Xiang Ling Li2European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environment (EURIDICE), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Severine LevasseurSeverine Levasseur3ONDRAF/NIRAS, Avenue des arts 14, B-1210 Bruxelles,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:
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25 years of cross-fertilization between HADES and Mont Terri rock laboratoryAuthor(s)Christophe Nussbaum;Christophe Nussbaum1Swisstopo, Federal Office of Topography, Route de la Gare 63, CH-2882 Saint-Ursanne,Switzerland*Correspondence: [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Frédéric Bernier;Frédéric Bernier2FANC-AFCN, Federal Agency for Nuclear Control, rue du Marquis 1 bte 6A, BE-1000 Brussels,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Nele Bleyen;Nele Bleyen3SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, BE-2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Paul Bossart;Paul Bossart1Swisstopo, Federal Office of Topography, Route de la Gare 63, CH-2882 Saint-Ursanne,SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:Christophe Bruggeman;Christophe Bruggeman3SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, BE-2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Pierre De Cannière;Pierre De Cannière2FANC-AFCN, Federal Agency for Nuclear Control, rue du Marquis 1 bte 6A, BE-1000 Brussels,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Thomas Fierz;Thomas Fierz4Solexperts AG, Mettlenbachstrasse 25, CH-8617 Mönchaltorf,SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:David Jaeggi;David Jaeggi1Swisstopo, Federal Office of Topography, Route de la Gare 63, CH-2882 Saint-Ursanne,SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:Bernard Neerdael;Bernard Neerdael3SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, BE-2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Elie Valcke;Elie Valcke3SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, BE-2400 Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Geert VolckaertGeert Volckaert2FANC-AFCN, Federal Agency for Nuclear Control, rue du Marquis 1 bte 6A, BE-1000 Brussels,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:
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Underground research laboratories, an important support to the Belgian Regulatory Body's Research and Development programme and the management of uncertaintiesAuthor(s)Frédéric J. Bernier;Frédéric J. Bernier1Waste Management and Disposal, FANC, Brussel 1000,Belgium*Correspondence: [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Valéry Detilleux;Valéry Detilleux2Bel V, Brussel 1070,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Guillaume M. Pochet;Guillaume M. Pochet1Waste Management and Disposal, FANC, Brussel 1000,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Maryna Surkova;Maryna Surkova1Waste Management and Disposal, FANC, Brussel 1000,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Geert Volckaert;Geert Volckaert1Waste Management and Disposal, FANC, Brussel 1000,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:Chantal MommaertChantal Mommaert2Bel V, Brussel 1070,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:
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Important roles of underground research laboratories for the geological disposal of radioactive wastes: an international perspectiveAuthor(s)Stefan J. Mayer;Stefan J. Mayer1International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna,Austria*Correspondence: [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Philippe Van Marcke;Philippe Van Marcke1International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna,AustriaSearch for other works by this author on:Haeryong Jung;Haeryong Jung2Korea Radioactive Waste Agency, Gyeongju-si,Republic of KoreaSearch for other works by this author on:Govatsa AcharyaGovatsa Acharya1International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna,AustriaSearch for other works by this author on:
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Perspectives
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Making the future in the present: using Science and Technology Studies to reflect on 40 years of research in the HADES Underground Research LaboratoryAuthor(s)Robbe Geysmans;Robbe Geysmans1Nuclear Science and Technology Studies, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety – Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol,Belgium*Correspondence: [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Marika Silvikko De Villafranca;Marika Silvikko De Villafranca2Department of Design, Aalto University, Otaniementie 14, 02150 Espoo,FinlandSearch for other works by this author on:Gaston MeskensGaston Meskens1Nuclear Science and Technology Studies, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety – Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol,BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:
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