Groundwater in Fractured Bedrock Environments: Managing Catchment and Subsurface Resources
Fractured bedrock aquifers have traditionally been regarded as low-productivity aquifers, with only limited relevance to regional groundwater resources. It is now being increasingly recognised that these complex bedrock aquifers can play an important role in catchment management and subsurface energy systems. At shallow to intermediate depth, fractured bedrock aquifers help to sustain surface water baseflows and groundwater dependent ecosystems, provide local groundwater supplies and impact on contaminant transfers on a catchment scale. At greater depths, understanding the properties and groundwater flow regimes of these complex aquifers can be crucial for the successful installation of subsurface energy and storage systems, such as deep geothermal or Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage systems and natural gas or CO2 storage facilities as well as the exploration of natural resources such as conventional/unconventional oil and gas. In many scenarios, a robust understanding of fractured bedrock aquifers is required to assess the nature and extent of connectivity between such engineered subsurface systems at depth and overlying receptors in the shallow subsurface.
Typology of hard rock ground waters within the Lower Sassandra, a main catchment in humid tropical West Africa
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Published:January 01, 2019
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CiteCitation
O. Fouché, Th. K. Yao, M.-S. Y. Oga, N. Soro, 2019. "Typology of hard rock ground waters within the Lower Sassandra, a main catchment in humid tropical West Africa", Groundwater in Fractured Bedrock Environments: Managing Catchment and Subsurface Resources, U. Ofterdinger, A.M. MacDonald, J.-C. Comte, M.E. Young
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Abstract
Randomness of fracture networks still makes channelized flow a challenge to track in hard-rock aquifers. While not underestimating geological and hydrological criteria that are also handled here through mapping exercises, this study raises an issue of water quality encountered in lifelong boreholes. Chemical classification checked against a recent conceptual model of bedrock aquifers gives birth to a new typology of groundwater in a complex granitic aquifer system located in the SW of Ivory Coast (West Africa). Major ion chemistry, borehole completion data, digital elevation model and satellite images are used to interpret the geochemical water facies as an expression of connexions between the saprolite and the saprock, or transient insulation. From major ions ratios, cumulate mineralization, carbonate equilibrium, stable isotopes, the maturation of ground waters and mixing between bedrock layers are described at seasonal and local scales. The results highlight some vertical feeding of the water table into the main saprock aquifer owing to shortcuts through the saprolite, along with the existence of dead-ends in the hydraulically active fracture network. Also, some influence of fault zones, either drain or barrier, is confirmed on the (Ca, Mg) bicarbonate water facies within the saprock.
- Africa
- anisotropic materials
- aquifers
- bedrock
- boreholes
- carbonates
- cations
- chemical composition
- chloride ion
- chlorine
- classification
- D/H
- denitrification
- digital terrain models
- drainage basins
- drainage patterns
- equilibrium
- facies
- fractured materials
- geochemistry
- geometry
- granites
- ground water
- halogens
- heterogeneous materials
- humid environment
- hydrochemistry
- hydrogen
- hydrogeology
- igneous rocks
- imagery
- ions
- isotope ratios
- isotopes
- Ivory Coast
- mapping
- movement
- nitrate ion
- O-18/O-16
- oxygen
- plutonic rocks
- potentiometric surface
- principal components analysis
- relief
- remote sensing
- residence time
- saprolite
- satellite methods
- stable isotopes
- statistical analysis
- sulfate ion
- terrestrial environment
- tropical environment
- water quality
- water wells
- water yield
- weathering
- West Africa
- Sassandra River