The Permian Timescale
CONTAINS OPEN ACCESS
The Palaeozoic Era ends with the c. 47-million-year-long Permian Period. This was a major juncture in Earth history when the vast Pangean supercontinent continued its assembly and the global biota suffered the most extensive biotic decimation of the Phanerozoic, the end-Permian mass extinction. It was also the time of accumulation of vast mineral and energy deposits, notably of salt and petroleum. The temporal ordering of geological and biotic events during Permian time is, therefore, critical to the interpretation of some unique and pivotal events in Earth history. This temporal ordering is based mostly on the Permian timescale, which has been developed and refined for nearly two centuries. This book reviews the history of the development of the Permian chronostratigraphic scale. It also includes comprehensive analyses of Permian radioisotopic ages, magnetostratigraphy, isotope-based correlations, and timescale-relevant marine and non-marine biostratigraphy and biochronology.
Late Pennsylvanian–Early Triassic conchostracan biostratigraphy: a preliminary approach
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Published:January 01, 2018
Abstract:
Conchostracans are one of the most common fossil animal groups of continental deposits from late Palaeozoic to modern times. Their habitats have ranged from perennial lakes of the Carboniferous and Early Permian to seasonal playa lakes and temporary ponds from the late Early Permian into the Triassic, where they could form mass occurrences. This, together with relatively high speciation rates, makes them ideal guide fossils, especially in otherwise fossil-poor wet and dry red beds. Based on material and data collected since the 1980s from both surface outcrops and well cores in central Europe, a preliminary conchostracan zonation is proposed. We used a conservative approach, erecting assemblage zones comprising two or three species instead of species-range zones with only one or, sometimes, two forms. Assemblage zones are more robust and provide more reliability for each delineated time interval. Isotopically dated occurrences of conchostracan zone species, or co-occurrences of conchostracans, insect zone species and marine index fossils such as conodonts and fusulinids, allow us to correlate our assemblage zones with the marine Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Scale.
- Arthropoda
- assemblages
- biogeography
- biostratigraphy
- biozones
- Branchiopoda
- Carboniferous
- Central Europe
- chronostratigraphy
- correlation
- Crustacea
- Europe
- first occurrence
- habitat
- index fossils
- Insecta
- Invertebrata
- Lower Triassic
- Mandibulata
- Mesozoic
- occurrence
- Paleozoic
- Pennsylvanian
- Permian
- Permian-Triassic boundary
- range
- reliability
- speciation
- stratigraphic boundary
- taxonomy
- time scales
- Triassic
- Upper Carboniferous
- Upper Pennsylvanian
- Upper Permian
- Variscides