The Permian Timescale
CONTAINS OPEN ACCESS
The Palaeozoic Era ends with the c. 47-million-year-long Permian Period. This was a major juncture in Earth history when the vast Pangean supercontinent continued its assembly and the global biota suffered the most extensive biotic decimation of the Phanerozoic, the end-Permian mass extinction. It was also the time of accumulation of vast mineral and energy deposits, notably of salt and petroleum. The temporal ordering of geological and biotic events during Permian time is, therefore, critical to the interpretation of some unique and pivotal events in Earth history. This temporal ordering is based mostly on the Permian timescale, which has been developed and refined for nearly two centuries. This book reviews the history of the development of the Permian chronostratigraphic scale. It also includes comprehensive analyses of Permian radioisotopic ages, magnetostratigraphy, isotope-based correlations, and timescale-relevant marine and non-marine biostratigraphy and biochronology.
Permian rugose corals of the world
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Published:January 01, 2018
Abstract:
Permian rugose corals underwent evolutionary episodes of assemblage changeover, biogeographical separation and extinction, which are closely related to geological events during this time. Two coral realms were recognized, the Tethyan Realm and the Cordilleran–Arctic–Uralian Realm. These are characterized by the families Kepingophyllidae and Waagenophyllidae during the Cisuralian, Waagenophyllidae in the Guadalupian and the subfamily Waagenophyllinae in the Lopingian, and the families Durhaminidae and Kleopatrinidae during the Cisuralian and major disappearance of colonial and dissepimented solitary rugose corals from the Guadalupian to the Lopingian, respectively. The development of these coral realms is controlled by the geographical barrier resulting from the Pangaea formation. According to the changes in the composition and diversity of the Permian rugose corals, a changeover event might have occurred at the end-Sakmarian and is characterized by the mixed Pennsylvanian and Permian faunas to typical Permian faunas, probably related to a global regression. In addition, three extinction events are present at the end-Kungurian, the end-Guadalupian and the end-Permian, which are respectively triggered by the northward movement of Pangaea, the Emeishan volcanic eruptions and subsequent global regression, and the global climate warming induced by the Siberian Traps eruption.
- Anthozoa
- Arctic region
- Artinskian
- Asia
- Asselian
- assemblages
- biogeography
- biologic evolution
- Capitanian
- Central America
- Changhsingian
- China
- Cisuralian
- classification
- Cnidaria
- colonial taxa
- Commonwealth of Independent States
- controls
- distribution
- extinction
- Far East
- faunal studies
- global
- Gondwana
- Greenland
- Guadalupian
- Indochina
- Inner Mongolia China
- Invertebrata
- Japan
- Kungurian
- Lesser Sunda Islands
- Lopingian
- Lower Permian
- Malay Archipelago
- North America
- North American Cordillera
- paleogeography
- Paleozoic
- Pangaea
- Permian
- range
- regional
- regression
- Roadian
- Rugosa
- Russian Federation
- Sakmarian
- sea-level changes
- South America
- South China Block
- species diversity
- Svalbard
- taxonomy
- Tethys
- Timor
- Upper Permian
- Ural region
- Urals
- Wordian
- Wuchiapingian
- Zoantharia
- Durhaminidae
- Waagenophyllidae
- Waagenophyllinae
- Kepingophyllidae
- Kleopatrinidae
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