Forensic Geoscience: Principles, Techniques and Applications

Forensic geoscience is an increasingly important sub-discipline within geoscience and forensic science. Although minerals, soils, dusts and rock fragments have been used as only begun to be recognized in the last ten years or so. The police and other investigative bodies are keen to encourage such developments in the fight against crime, particularly since many criminals show a high level of forensic awareness with regard to evidence such as fingerprints, blood and other body fluids. The papers in this volume illustrate some of the main principles, techniques and applications in current forensic geoscience, covering research and casework in the UK and internationally. The techniques described range from macro-scale field geophysical investigations to micro-scale laboratory studies of the chemical and textural properties of individual particles. In addition to forensic applications, many of these techniques have broad utility in geological, geomorphological, soil science and archaeological research.
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Table of Contents
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Forensic geoscience: introduction and overviewAuthor(s)Kenneth Pye;Kenneth Pye1Kenneth Pye Associates Ltd, Crowthorne Enterprise Centre, Crowthorne Business EstateCrowthorne RG45 6AW, UK(e-mail: [email protected])2Department of Geology, Royal Holloway, University of LondonEgham Hill, Egham TW20 0EX, UKSearch for other works by this author on:Debra J. CroftDebra J. Croft1Kenneth Pye Associates Ltd, Crowthorne Enterprise Centre, Crowthorne Business EstateCrowthorne RG45 6AW, UK(e-mail: [email protected])3Croft Scientific & Technical, Blaen-y-WaunLlanafan, Ceredigion SY23 4BD, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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Forensic geology: yesterday, today and tomorrowAuthor(s)Raymond C. MurrayRaymond C. Murray1Kenneth Pye Associates Ltd, Crowthorne Enterprise Centre, Crowthorne Business EstateCrowthorne RG45 6AW, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:
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Geophysical techniques for forensic investigationAuthor(s)Peter J. Fenning;Peter J. Fenning1VJ GeoConsultants9 Avon Wharf, Bridge Street, Christchurch, BH23 1DJ, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:Laurance J. DonnellyLaurance J. Donnelly2British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Nicker HillKeyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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Geophysics and burials: field experience and software developmentAuthor(s)M. Watters;M. WattersInstitute of Archaeology and Antiquity, University of BirminghamBirmingham B15 2TT, UK(e-mail: [email protected];[email protected]Search for other works by this author on:J. R. HunterJ. R. HunterInstitute of Archaeology and Antiquity, University of BirminghamBirmingham B15 2TT, UK(e-mail: [email protected];[email protected]Search for other works by this author on:
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Environmental influences on resistivity mapping for the location of clandestine gravesAuthor(s)J. Scott;J. Scott1School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of BirminghamBirmingham B15 2TT, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:J. R. HunterJ. R. Hunter2Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity, University of BirminghamBirmingham B15 2TT, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:
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The importance of stratigraphy in forensic investigationAuthor(s)Ian D. HansonIan D. HansonCentre of Forensic Science, Technology and Law, School of Conservation Sciences, Bournemouth UniversityTalbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK(e-mail:[email protected])Search for other works by this author on:
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Colour theory and the evaluation of an instrumental method of measurement using geological samples for forensic applicationsAuthor(s)Debra J. Croft;Debra J. CroftKenneth Pye Associates Ltd, Crowthorne Enterprise Centre, Crowthorne Business EstateOld Wokingham Road, Crowthorne RG45 6AW, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:Kenneth PyeKenneth PyeKenneth Pye Associates Ltd, Crowthorne Enterprise Centre, Crowthorne Business EstateOld Wokingham Road, Crowthorne RG45 6AW, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:
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Particle size analysis by laser diffractionAuthor(s)Simon J. Blott;Simon J. Blott1Kenneth Pye Associates Ltd, Crowthorne Enterprise Centre, Crowthorne Business Estate,Old Wokingham Road, Crowthorne, RG45 6AW, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:Debra J. Croft;Debra J. Croft1Kenneth Pye Associates Ltd, Crowthorne Enterprise Centre, Crowthorne Business Estate,Old Wokingham Road, Crowthorne, RG45 6AW, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:Kenneth Pye;Kenneth Pye1Kenneth Pye Associates Ltd, Crowthorne Enterprise Centre, Crowthorne Business Estate,Old Wokingham Road, Crowthorne, RG45 6AW, UK(e-mail: [email protected])2Department of Geology, Royal Holloway, University of LondonEgham Hill, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UKSearch for other works by this author on:Samantha E. Saye;Samantha E. Saye1Kenneth Pye Associates Ltd, Crowthorne Enterprise Centre, Crowthorne Business Estate,Old Wokingham Road, Crowthorne, RG45 6AW, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:Helen E. WilsonHelen E. Wilson2Department of Geology, Royal Holloway, University of LondonEgham Hill, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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Development of a coastal dune sediment database for England and Wales: forensic applicationsAuthor(s)Samantha E. Saye;Samantha E. SayeKenneth Pye Associates Limited, Crowthorne Enterprise Centre, Crowthorne Business EstateOld Workingham Road, Crowthorne, RG45 6AW, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:Kenneth PyeKenneth PyeKenneth Pye Associates Limited, Crowthorne Enterprise Centre, Crowthorne Business EstateOld Workingham Road, Crowthorne, RG45 6AW, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:
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‘Unique’ particles in soil evidenceAuthor(s)R. Sugita;R. SugitaNational Research Institute of Police Science,6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:Y. MarumoY. MarumoNational Research Institute of Police Science,6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:
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Forensic examination of rocks, sediments, soils and dusts using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray chemical microanalysisAuthor(s)Kenneth PyeKenneth Pye1Kenneth Pye Associates Ltd, Crowthorne Enterprise Centre, Growthorne Business EstateOld Wokingham Road, Crowthorne RG45 6AW, UK(e-mail: [email protected])2Department of Geology, Royal Holloway, University of LondonEgham Hill, Egham TW20 0EX, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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Rapid quantitative mineral and phase analysis using automated scanning electron microscopy (QemSCAN); potential applications in forensic geoscienceAuthor(s)Duncan Pirrie;Duncan Pirrie1Camborne School of Mines, School of Geography, Archaeology and Earth Resources, University of Exeter, RedruthCornwall TR15 3SE, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:Alan R. Butcher;Alan R. Butcher2CSIRO Minerals, Queensland Centre for Advanced Technologies, Technology Court, PullenvaleQLD 4069, Australia3Intellection Pty Ltd, Milton, BrisbaneQueensland, QLD 4064, AustraliaSearch for other works by this author on:Matthew R. Power;Matthew R. Power1Camborne School of Mines, School of Geography, Archaeology and Earth Resources, University of Exeter, RedruthCornwall TR15 3SE, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:Paul Gottlieb;Paul Gottlieb2CSIRO Minerals, Queensland Centre for Advanced Technologies, Technology Court, PullenvaleQLD 4069, Australia3Intellection Pty Ltd, Milton, BrisbaneQueensland, QLD 4064, AustraliaSearch for other works by this author on:Gavin L. MillerGavin L. Miller2CSIRO Minerals, Queensland Centre for Advanced Technologies, Technology Court, PullenvaleQLD 4069, AustraliaSearch for other works by this author on:
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Mineralogy and microanalysis in the determination of cause of impact damage to spacecraft surfacesAuthor(s)G. A. Graham;G. A. Graham1Planetary & Space Sciences Research Institute, The Open University, Walton HallMilton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK4Department of Mineralogy, The Natural History MuseumCromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK*Institute for Geophysics & Planetary Physics, Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermore, CA 94551, USA(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:A. T. Kearsley;A. T. Kearsley2School of Biological & Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, HeadingtonOxford OX3 0BP, UK**Electron Microscopy & Mineral Analysis, Department of Mineralogy, The Natural History MuseumCromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UKSearch for other works by this author on:G. Drolshagen;G. Drolshagen3TOS-EMA, European Space Research Technology Centre, The European Space AgencyKeplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The NetherlandsSearch for other works by this author on:J. A. M. McDonnell;J. A. M. McDonnell1Planetary & Space Sciences Research Institute, The Open University, Walton HallMilton Keynes MK7 6AA, UKSearch for other works by this author on:I. P. Wright;I. P. Wright1Planetary & Space Sciences Research Institute, The Open University, Walton HallMilton Keynes MK7 6AA, UKSearch for other works by this author on:M. M. GradyM. M. Grady4Department of Mineralogy, The Natural History MuseumCromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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The archaeologist as a detective: scientific techniques and the investigation of past societiesAuthor(s)Julian HendersonJulian HendersonDepartment of Archaeology, University of Nottingham, University ParkNottingham NG7 2RD, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:
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Forensic applications of Raman spectroscopy to the non-destructive analysis of biomaterials and their degradationAuthor(s)Howell G. M. EdwardsHowell G. M. EdwardsDepartment of Chemical and Forensic Sciences, University of BradfordBradford BD7 1DP, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:
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Assessing element variability in small soil samples taken during forensic investigationAuthor(s)Kym E. Jarvis;Kym E. Jarvis1Department of Earth Sciences & Geography (NERC ICP Facility), Kingston UniversityPenrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:H. Elizabeth Wilson;H. Elizabeth Wilson2Department of Geology, Royal Holloway, University of LondonEgham Hill, Egham TW20 0EX, UKSearch for other works by this author on:Sarah L. JamesSarah L. James2Department of Geology, Royal Holloway, University of LondonEgham Hill, Egham TW20 0EX, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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Comparison of soils and sediments using major and trace element dataAuthor(s)Kenneth Pye;Kenneth PyeKenneth Pye Associates Ltd, Crowthorne Enterprise Centre, Crowthorne Business EstateOld Wokingham Road, Crowthorne RG45 6AW, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:Simon J. BlottSimon J. BlottKenneth Pye Associates Ltd, Crowthorne Enterprise Centre, Crowthorne Business EstateOld Wokingham Road, Crowthorne RG45 6AW, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:
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Investigating multi-element soil geochemical signatures and their potential for use in forensic studiesAuthor(s)B. G. Rawlins;B. G. RawlinsBritish Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Nicker HillKeyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:M. CaveM. CaveBritish Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Nicker HillKeyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:
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Bayesian sediment fingerprinting provides a robust tool for environmental forensic geoscience applicationsAuthor(s)Ingrid F. Small;Ingrid F. Small1Environmental Systems Research Group, Department of Geography, University of DundeeDundee DD1 4HN, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:John S. Rowan;John S. Rowan1Environmental Systems Research Group, Department of Geography, University of DundeeDundee DD1 4HN, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:Stewart W. Franks;Stewart W. Franks2School of Engineering, University of NewcastleNewcastle, Callaghan 2308, NSW, AustraliaSearch for other works by this author on:Adam Wyatt;Adam Wyatt2School of Engineering, University of NewcastleNewcastle, Callaghan 2308, NSW, AustraliaSearch for other works by this author on:Robert W. DuckRobert W. Duck1Environmental Systems Research Group, Department of Geography, University of DundeeDundee DD1 4HN, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:
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Isotope and trace element analysis of human teeth and bones for forensic purposesAuthor(s)Kenneth PyeKenneth Pye1Kenneth Pye Associates Ltd, Crowthorne Enterprise Centre, Crowthorne Business EstateOld Woking Road, Crowthorne RG45 6AW, UK(e-mail: [email protected])2Department of Geology, Royal Holloway, University of LondonEgham Hill, Egham TW20 0EX UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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Defining ‘local signature’ in terms of Sr isotope composition using a tenth- to twelfth-century Anglo-Saxon population living on a Jurassic clay-carbonate terrain, Rutland, UKAuthor(s)J. A. Evans;J. A. Evans1NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UKSearch for other works by this author on:S. TathamS. Tatham2School of Archaeology & Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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Forensic geology of bone mineral: geochemical tracers for postmortem movement of bone remainsAuthor(s)Clive N. TruemanClive N. TruemanSchool of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby BuildingBurnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:
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Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope variations in soils: forensic applicationsAuthor(s)Debra J. Croft;Debra J. CroftKenneth Pye Associates Ltd, Crowthorne Enterprise Centre, Crowthorne Business EstateCrowthorne, RG45 6AW, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:Kenneth PyeKenneth PyeKenneth Pye Associates Ltd, Crowthorne Enterprise Centre, Crowthorne Business EstateCrowthorne, RG45 6AW, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:
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The use of plant hydrocarbon signatures in characterizing soil organic matterAuthor(s)E. Clare WaterhouseE. Clare WaterhouseSearch for other works by this author on:
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The use of diatom analysis in forensic geoscienceAuthor(s)N. G. CameronN. G. CameronEnvironmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London26 Bedford Way, London WC1H OAP, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:
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The right way and the wrong way of presenting statistical and geological evidence in a court of law (a little knowledge is a dangerous thing!)Author(s)Wayne C. IsphordingWayne C. IsphordingDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of South AlabamaMobile, AL 36688, USA(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:
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Using geological information to identify apparent ‘misrepresentation’ of facts in a litigious situationAuthor(s)Wayne C. IsphordingWayne C. IsphordingDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of South AlabamaMobile, AL 36688, USA(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:
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Soil as significant evidence in a sexual assault/attempted homicide caseAuthor(s)Marianne StamMarianne StamCalifornia Department of Justice, Riverside Criminalistics Laboratory7425 Mission Boulevard, Riverside, CA 92509, USA(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on:
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The nature of, and approaches to, teaching forensic geoscience on forensic science and earth science coursesAuthor(s)C. W. LeeC. W. LeeSchool of Applied Sciences, University of GlamorganTreforest, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, UK(e-mail: [email protected])Search for other works by this author on: