Detecting, Modelling and Responding to Effusive Eruptions

For effusive volcanoes in resource-poor regions, there is a pressing need for a crisis response-chain bridging the global scientific community to allow provision of standard products for timely humanitarian response. As a first step in attaining this need, this Special Publication provides a complete directory of current operational capabilities for monitoring effusive eruptions. This volume also reviews the state-of-the-art in terms of satellite-based volcano hot-spot tracking and lava-flow simulation. These capabilities are demonstrated using case studies taken from well-known effusive events that have occurred worldwide over the last two decades at volcanoes such as Piton de la Fournaise, Etna, Stromboli and Kilauea. We also provide case-type response models implemented at the same volcanoes, as well as the results of a community-wide drill used to test a fully-integrated response focused on an operational hazard-GIS. Finally, the objectives and recommendations of the ‘Risk Evaluation, Detection and Simulation during Effusive Eruption Disasters’ working group are laid out in a statement of community needs by its members.
Simulating the thermorheological evolution of channel-contained lava: FLOWGO and its implementation in EXCEL
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Published:January 01, 2016
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CiteCitation
Andrew J. L. Harris, Maéva Rhéty, Lucia Gurioli, Nicolas Villeneuve, Raphaël Paris, 2016. "Simulating the thermorheological evolution of channel-contained lava: FLOWGO and its implementation in EXCEL", Detecting, Modelling and Responding to Effusive Eruptions, A. J. L. Harris, T. De Groeve, F. Garel, S. A. Carn
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Abstract
FLOWGO is a one-dimensional model that tracks the thermorheological evolution of lava flowing down a channel. The model does not spread the lava but, instead, follows a control volume as it descends a line of steepest descent centred on the channel axis. The model basis is the Jeffreys equation for Newtonian flow, modified for a Bingham fluid, and a series of heat loss equations. Adjustable relationships are used to calculate cooling, crystallization and down-channel increases in viscosity and yield strength, as well as the resultant decrease in velocity. Here we provide a guide that allows FLOWGO to be set up in Excel. In doing so, we show how the model can be executed using a slope profile derived from Google™ Earth. Model simplicity and ease of source-term input from Google™ Earth means that this exercise allows (i) easy access to the model, (ii) quick, global application and (iii) use in a teaching role. Output is tested using measurements made for the 2010 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island). The model is also set up for rapid syneruptive hazard assessment at Piton de la Fournaise, as we show using the example of the response to the June 2014 eruption.
- applications
- computer programs
- cooling
- crystallization
- data processing
- digital terrain models
- effusion
- equations
- eruptions
- geographic information systems
- geologic hazards
- geophysical methods
- geophysical profiles
- geophysical surveys
- Google Earth
- government agencies
- imagery
- Indian Ocean Islands
- information systems
- kinematics
- laser methods
- lava channels
- lava flows
- lidar methods
- Mascarene Islands
- mosaics
- NASA
- natural hazards
- numerical models
- Piton de la Fournaise
- rates
- remote sensing
- Reunion
- rheology
- risk assessment
- satellite methods
- Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
- simulation
- slopes
- spatial data
- SRTM
- surveys
- temperature
- thermomechanical properties
- velocity
- viscosity
- volcanic features
- volcanology
- yield strength
- Excel
- FLOWGO
- thermorheological models