Detecting, Modelling and Responding to Effusive Eruptions

For effusive volcanoes in resource-poor regions, there is a pressing need for a crisis response-chain bridging the global scientific community to allow provision of standard products for timely humanitarian response. As a first step in attaining this need, this Special Publication provides a complete directory of current operational capabilities for monitoring effusive eruptions. This volume also reviews the state-of-the-art in terms of satellite-based volcano hot-spot tracking and lava-flow simulation. These capabilities are demonstrated using case studies taken from well-known effusive events that have occurred worldwide over the last two decades at volcanoes such as Piton de la Fournaise, Etna, Stromboli and Kilauea. We also provide case-type response models implemented at the same volcanoes, as well as the results of a community-wide drill used to test a fully-integrated response focused on an operational hazard-GIS. Finally, the objectives and recommendations of the ‘Risk Evaluation, Detection and Simulation during Effusive Eruption Disasters’ working group are laid out in a statement of community needs by its members.
HOTSAT: a multiplatform system for the thermal monitoring of volcanic activity using satellite data
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Published:January 01, 2016
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CiteCitation
G. Ganci, G. Bilotta, A. Cappello, A. Herault, C. Del Negro, 2016. "HOTSAT: a multiplatform system for the thermal monitoring of volcanic activity using satellite data", Detecting, Modelling and Responding to Effusive Eruptions, A. J. L. Harris, T. De Groeve, F. Garel, S. A. Carn
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Abstract
The HOTSAT multiplatform system for the analysis of infrared data from satellites provides a framework that allows the detection of volcanic hotspots and an output of their associated radiative power. This multiplatform system can operate on both Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager data. The new version of the system is now implemented on graphics processing units and its interface is available on the internet under restricted access conditions. Combining the estimation of time-varying discharge rates using HOTSAT with the MAGFLOW physics-based model to simulate lava flow paths resulted in the first operational system in which satellite observations drive the modelling of lava flow emplacement. This allows the timely definition of the parameters and maps essential for hazard assessment, including the propagation time of lava flows and the maximum run-out distance. The system was first used in an operational context during the paroxysmal episode at Mt Etna on 12–13 January 2011, when we produced real-time predictions of the areas likely to be inundated by lava flows while the eruption was still ongoing. This allowed key at-risk areas to be rapidly and appropriately identified.
- algorithms
- applications
- cameras
- clouds
- computer networks
- computer programs
- data integration
- data processing
- design
- detection
- effusion
- equations
- eruptions
- Europe
- geographic information systems
- geologic hazards
- graphic display
- ground methods
- heat flux
- hot spots
- image analysis
- information systems
- Internet
- Italy
- lava flows
- mapping
- MODIS
- monitoring
- Mount Etna
- natural hazards
- pixels
- prediction
- rates
- real-time methods
- reliability
- remote sensing
- risk assessment
- satellite methods
- Sicily Italy
- simulation
- Southern Europe
- thermal anomalies
- visualization
- volcanic risk
- volcanism
- volcanoes
- SEVIRI
- MAGFLOW
- HOTSAT