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Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Limestone in the Built Environment: Present-Day Challenges for the Preservation of the Past
Author(s)
M. Gomez-Heras;
M. Gomez-Heras
Queen's University, Belfast, UK Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Instituto de GeologÓa EconÓmica (CSIC-UCM), Spain
Search for other works by this author on:
H. A. Viles;
H. A. Viles
Oxford University Centre for the Environment, UK
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Geological Society of London
Volume
331
Copyright:
Geological Society of London
© The Geological Society of London 2010, ISBN 978-1-86239-579-4$30
ISBN electronic:
9781862395794
ISBN print:
9781862392946
Publication date:
January 01, 2010
Limestone is a highly successful and widely used building material, found in many important historic buildings and new monuments around the world. Whilst its success reflects its durability under a wide range of environmental conditions, there are still important questions surrounding the selection, use and conservation of building limestones. In order to make best use of new limestone today, and to conserve old limestone most effectively, we need to bring modern research methods to bear on understanding the characteristics of different limestones, what mortars to use, and how key limestones have responded to polluted atmospheres. This volume brings together recent inter-disciplinary research on these issues, illustrating the diversity of innovative techniques that are now being applied to furthering our understanding of building limestones.
Limestone in the Built Environment: Present-Day Challenges for the Preservation of the Past
Author(s): B. J. Smith, M. Gomez-Heras, H. A. Viles, J. Cassar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/SP331
ISBN (print): 9781862392946
ISBN (electronic): 9781862395794
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 2010
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Table of Contents
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Underlying issues on the selection, use and conservation of building limestoneAuthor(s)Bernard J. Smith;Bernard J. Smith1School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology,Queen's University Belfast,Belfast,UKSearch for other works by this author on:Miguel Gomez-Heras;Miguel Gomez-Heras1School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology,Queen's University Belfast,Belfast,UK2Departamento de Petrología y Geoquímica,Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Instituto de Geología Económica (CSIC-UCM),Madrid,SpainSearch for other works by this author on:Heather A. VilesHeather A. Viles3School of Geography and the Environment,University of Oxford,Oxford,UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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The use of limestone in a historic context – the experience of MaltaAuthor(s)Joann CassarJoann CassarDepartment of the Built Heritage, Faculty for the Built Environment,University of Malta,Msida, MSD 2080,Malta(e-mail: joann.cassar@um.edu.mt)Search for other works by this author on:
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Carbonate rocks in the Mediterranean region – from classical to innovative uses of building stoneAuthor(s)José P. Calvo;José P. CalvoInstituto Geológico y Minero de España,c/Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid,SpainSearch for other works by this author on:Manuel RegueiroManuel RegueiroInstituto Geológico y Minero de España,c/Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid,SpainSearch for other works by this author on:
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Limestones in Germany used as building stones: an overviewAuthor(s)Siegfried Siegesmund;Siegfried Siegesmund1Göttinger Zentrum Geowissenschaften,Universität Göttingen,Goldschmidtstrasse 3, 37077 Göttingen,GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Wolf-Dieter Grimm;Wolf-Dieter Grimm2Zamboninistrasse 25, 80638 München,GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Helmut Dürrast;Helmut Dürrast3Geophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science,Prince of Songkla University,HatYai 90112,ThailandSearch for other works by this author on:Joerg RuedrichJoerg Ruedrich1Göttinger Zentrum Geowissenschaften,Universität Göttingen,Goldschmidtstrasse 3, 37077 Göttingen,GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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Mechanisms of damage by saltAuthor(s)R. M. Espinosa-Marzal;R. M. Espinosa-MarzalCivil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton Materials Institute,Princeton University,Princeton, NJ 08544,USASearch for other works by this author on:G. W. SchererG. W. SchererCivil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton Materials Institute,Princeton University,Princeton, NJ 08544,USASearch for other works by this author on:
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Primary bioreceptivity of limestones used in southern European monumentsAuthor(s)Ana Z. Miller;Ana Z. Miller1Departamento de Conservação e Restauro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia,Universidade Nova de Lisboa,Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica,PortugalSearch for other works by this author on:Nuno Leal;Nuno Leal2Centro de Investigação em Ciência e Engenharia Geológica (CICEGe), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia,Universidade Nova de Lisboa,Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica,PortugalSearch for other works by this author on:Leonila Laiz;Leonila Laiz3Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia,IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla,SpainSearch for other works by this author on:Miguel A. Rogerio-Candelera;Miguel A. Rogerio-Candelera3Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia,IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla,SpainSearch for other works by this author on:Rui J. C. Silva;Rui J. C. Silva4CENIMAT/I3N and DCM, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia,Universidade Nova de Lisboa,Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica,PortugalSearch for other works by this author on:Amélia Dionísio;Amélia Dionísio5Centro de Petrologia e Geoquímica,Instituto Superior Técnico,Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa,PortugalSearch for other works by this author on:Maria F. Macedo;Maria F. Macedo1Departamento de Conservação e Restauro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia,Universidade Nova de Lisboa,Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica,PortugalSearch for other works by this author on:Cesareo Saiz-JimenezCesareo Saiz-Jimenez3Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia,IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla,SpainSearch for other works by this author on:
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Suppression of salt weathering of porous limestone by borax-induced promotion of sodium and magnesium sulphate crystallizationAuthor(s)E. Ruiz-Agudo;E. Ruiz-AgudoDepartamento de Mineralogía y Petrología,Universidad de Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18002 Granada,SpainSearch for other works by this author on:C. Rodriguez-NavarroC. Rodriguez-NavarroDepartamento de Mineralogía y Petrología,Universidad de Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18002 Granada,SpainSearch for other works by this author on:
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Weathering effects in an urban environment: a case study of tuffeau, a French porous limestoneAuthor(s)K. Beck;K. BeckCentre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée,Université d'Orléans – CNRS-CRMD,1B rue de la Férrolerie 45067 Orléans Cedex 2,FranceSearch for other works by this author on:M. Al-MukhtarM. Al-MukhtarCentre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée,Université d'Orléans – CNRS-CRMD,1B rue de la Férrolerie 45067 Orléans Cedex 2,FranceSearch for other works by this author on:
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Approaches to the problem of limestone replacement in GreeceAuthor(s)M. A. StefanidouM. A. StefanidouLaboratory of Building Materials, Civil Engineering,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,Greece(e-mail: stefan@civil.auth.gr)Search for other works by this author on:
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Historic lime mortars: potential effects of local climate on the evolution of binder morphology and compositionAuthor(s)Kara R. DotterKara R. DotterSchool of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology,Queen's University Belfast,Belfast, Northern Ireland BT7 1NN,UK(e-mail: kdotter01@qub.ac.uk)Search for other works by this author on:
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Crushed limestone as an aggregate in concrete production: the Cyprus caseAuthor(s)I. Ioannou;I. Ioannou1University of Cyprus,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 75 Kallipoleos Avenue, P.O. Box 20537,1678 Nicosia,CyprusSearch for other works by this author on:M. F. Petrou;M. F. Petrou1University of Cyprus,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 75 Kallipoleos Avenue, P.O. Box 20537,1678 Nicosia,CyprusSearch for other works by this author on:R. Fournari;R. Fournari1University of Cyprus,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 75 Kallipoleos Avenue, P.O. Box 20537,1678 Nicosia,CyprusSearch for other works by this author on:A. Andreou;A. Andreou1University of Cyprus,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 75 Kallipoleos Avenue, P.O. Box 20537,1678 Nicosia,Cyprus3University of Patras,Department of Geology, 26500 Patras,GreeceSearch for other works by this author on:C. Hadjigeorgiou;C. Hadjigeorgiou2Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment,Geological Survey Department, 1415 Nicosia,CyprusSearch for other works by this author on:B. Tsikouras;B. Tsikouras3University of Patras,Department of Geology, 26500 Patras,GreeceSearch for other works by this author on:K. HatzipanagiotouK. Hatzipanagiotou3University of Patras,Department of Geology, 26500 Patras,GreeceSearch for other works by this author on:
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On the use of eggshell lime and tuffeau powder to formulate an appropriate mortar for restoration purposesAuthor(s)Kévin Beck;Kévin Beck1CRMD,UMR 6619 CNRS, 1 bis rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans,FranceSearch for other works by this author on:Xavier Brunetaud;Xavier Brunetaud1CRMD,UMR 6619 CNRS, 1 bis rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans,FranceSearch for other works by this author on:Jean-Didier Mertz;Jean-Didier Mertz2LRMH,29 rue de Paris, 77420 Champs sur Marne,FranceSearch for other works by this author on:Muzahim Al-MukhtarMuzahim Al-Mukhtar1CRMD,UMR 6619 CNRS, 1 bis rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans,FranceSearch for other works by this author on:
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Physical changes of porous Hungarian limestones related to silicic acid ester consolidant treatmentsAuthor(s)Z. Pápay;Z. PápayDepartment of Construction Materials & Engineering Geology,Budapest University of Technology and Economics,Budapest,HungarySearch for other works by this author on:Á. TörökÁ. TörökDepartment of Construction Materials & Engineering Geology,Budapest University of Technology and Economics,Budapest,HungarySearch for other works by this author on:
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Pore structure and durability of Portuguese limestones: a case studyAuthor(s)C. Figueiredo;C. Figueiredo1Centre for Petrology and Geochemistry,CEPGIST, IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon,PortugalSearch for other works by this author on:R. Folha;R. Folha1Centre for Petrology and Geochemistry,CEPGIST, IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon,PortugalSearch for other works by this author on:A. Maurício;A. Maurício1Centre for Petrology and Geochemistry,CEPGIST, IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon,PortugalSearch for other works by this author on:C. Alves;C. Alves2University of Minho,Centro de Investigação Geológica e Valorização de Recursos,DCT, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga,PortugalSearch for other works by this author on:L. Aires-BarrosL. Aires-Barros1Centre for Petrology and Geochemistry,CEPGIST, IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon,PortugalSearch for other works by this author on:
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Limestone on the ‘Don Pedro I’ facade in the Real Alcázar compound, Seville, SpainAuthor(s)C. Vazquez-Calvo;C. Vazquez-Calvo1Instituto de Geología Económica, CSIC-UCM, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas,Universidad Complutense de Madrid,C/José Antonio Nováis 2, 28040 Madrid,SpainSearch for other works by this author on:M. J. Varas;M. J. Varas1Instituto de Geología Económica, CSIC-UCM, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas,Universidad Complutense de Madrid,C/José Antonio Nováis 2, 28040 Madrid,Spain2Departamento de Petrología y Geoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas,Universidad Complutense de Madrid,C/José Antonio Nováis 2, 28040 Madrid,SpainSearch for other works by this author on:M. Alvarez De Buergo;M. Alvarez De Buergo1Instituto de Geología Económica, CSIC-UCM, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas,Universidad Complutense de Madrid,C/José Antonio Nováis 2, 28040 Madrid,SpainSearch for other works by this author on:R. FortR. Fort1Instituto de Geología Económica, CSIC-UCM, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas,Universidad Complutense de Madrid,C/José Antonio Nováis 2, 28040 Madrid,SpainSearch for other works by this author on:
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The church of Santa Engrácia (the National Pantheon, Lisbon, Portugal): building campaigns, conservation works, stones and pathologiesAuthor(s)C. Figueiredo;C. Figueiredo1Centre of Petrology and Geochemistry,CEPGIST, IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon,PortugalSearch for other works by this author on:L. Aires-Barros;L. Aires-Barros1Centre of Petrology and Geochemistry,CEPGIST, IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon,PortugalSearch for other works by this author on:M. J. NetoM. J. Neto2Faculdade de Letras,Lisbon,PortugalSearch for other works by this author on:
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Decay of the Campanile limestone used as building material in Tudela Cathedral (Navarra, Spain)Author(s)O. Buj;O. BujFacultad de ciencias de la Tierra, Dpto. de Petrología y Geoquímica,Universidad de Zaragoza,C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza,SpainSearch for other works by this author on:J. Gisbert;J. GisbertFacultad de ciencias de la Tierra, Dpto. de Petrología y Geoquímica,Universidad de Zaragoza,C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza,SpainSearch for other works by this author on:B. Franco;B. FrancoFacultad de ciencias de la Tierra, Dpto. de Petrología y Geoquímica,Universidad de Zaragoza,C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza,SpainSearch for other works by this author on:N. Mateos;N. MateosFacultad de ciencias de la Tierra, Dpto. de Petrología y Geoquímica,Universidad de Zaragoza,C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza,SpainSearch for other works by this author on:B. BauluzB. BauluzFacultad de ciencias de la Tierra, Dpto. de Petrología y Geoquímica,Universidad de Zaragoza,C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza,SpainSearch for other works by this author on:
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On-site evaluation of the ‘mechanical’ properties of Maastricht limestone and their relationship with the physical characteristicsAuthor(s)S. Rescic;S. RescicCNR – Istituto per la Conservazione e Valorizzazione dei Beni Culturali (ICVBC),Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI),ItalySearch for other works by this author on:F. Fratini;F. FratiniCNR – Istituto per la Conservazione e Valorizzazione dei Beni Culturali (ICVBC),Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI),ItalySearch for other works by this author on:P. TianoP. TianoCNR – Istituto per la Conservazione e Valorizzazione dei Beni Culturali (ICVBC),Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI),ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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The effect of combustion-derived particulates on the short-term modification of temperature and moisture loss from Portland LimestoneAuthor(s)D. E. Searle;D. E. Searle1Room MI144, Construction & Infrastructure, School of Engineering and the Built Environment,University of Wolverhampton,Wolverhampton, West Midlands WV1 1SB,UKSearch for other works by this author on:D. J. MitchellD. J. Mitchell2School of Applied Sciences,University of Wolverhampton,Wolverhampton, West Midlands WV1 1SB,UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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The changing Maltese soil environment: evidence from the ancient cart tracks at San Pawl Tat-Tarġa, NaxxarAuthor(s)Derek Mottershead;Derek MottersheadDepartment of Geography,University of Portsmouth,Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 3HE,UKSearch for other works by this author on:Paul Farres;Paul FarresDepartment of Geography,University of Portsmouth,Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 3HE,UKSearch for other works by this author on:Alastair PearsonAlastair PearsonDepartment of Geography,University of Portsmouth,Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 3HE,UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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Measurements of soiling and colour change using outdoor rephotography and image processing in Adobe Photoshop along the southern façade of the Ashmolean Museum, OxfordAuthor(s)Mary J. ThornbushMary J. ThornbushUniversity of Oxford,Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY,UKPresent address:Lakehead University,Orillia Campus, Heritage Place, 1 Colborne Street West, Orillia, Ontario, L3V 7X5,Canada(e-mail: mthornbu@lakeheadu.ca)Search for other works by this author on:
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Two-dimensional resistivity surveys of the moisture content of historic limestone walls in Oxford, UK: implications for understanding catastrophic stone deteriorationAuthor(s)O. Sass;O. Sass1Department of Geography and Regional Science, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse36, 8010 Graz,AustriaSearch for other works by this author on:H. A. VilesH. A. Viles2School of Geography,OUCE,University of Oxford South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY,UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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