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Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Geodynamic Evolution of East Antarctica: A Key to the East–West Gondwana Connection
Author(s)
M. Satish-Kumar;
M. Satish-Kumar
Shizuoka University, Japan
Search for other works by this author on:
Y. Motoyoshi;
Y. Motoyoshi
National Institute of Polar Research, Japan
Search for other works by this author on:
K. Shiraishi
K. Shiraishi
National Institute of Polar Research, Japan
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Geological Society of London
Volume
308
Copyright:
Geological Society of London
© Geological Society of London 2008, ISBN 978-1-86239-556-5$30
ISBN electronic:
9781862395565
ISBN print:
9781862392687
Publication date:
January 01, 2008
Geological correlations of East Antarctica with adjoining continents have been puzzling geologists ever since the concept of a Gondwana supercontinent surfaced. Despite the paucity of outcrops because of ice cover, difficulty of access and extreme weather, the past 50 years of Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions (JARE) has successfully revealed vital elements of the geology of East Antarctica. This volume presents reviews and new research from localities across East Antarctica, especially from Dronning Maud Land to Enderby Land, where the geological record preserves a history that spans the Archaean and Proterozoic. The reviews include extensive bibliographies of results obtained by geologists who participated in the JARE. Comprehensive geological, petrological and geochemical studies, form a platform for future research on the formation and dispersion of Rodinia in the Mesoproterozoic and subsequent assembly of Gondwana in the Neoproterozoic to Early Palaeozoic.
Geodynamic Evolution of East Antarctica: A Key to the East–West Gondwana Connection
Author(s): M. Satish-Kumar, Y. Motoyoshi, Y. Osanai, Y. Hiroi, K. Shiraishi
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/SP308
ISBN (print): 9781862392687
ISBN (electronic): 9781862395565
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 2008
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Table of Contents
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Geosciences research in East Antarctica (0°E–60°E): present status and future perspectivesAuthor(s)M. Satish-Kumar;M. Satish-Kumar1Institute of Geosciences,Shizuoka University,Oya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529,Japan(e-mail: smsatis@ipc.shizuoka.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:T. Hokada;T. Hokada2National Institute of Polar Research,Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8515,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:T. Kawakami;T. Kawakami3Department of Geology and Mineralogy,Kyoto University,Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Daniel J. DunkleyDaniel J. Dunkley2National Institute of Polar Research,Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8515,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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Geochronological constraints on the Late Proterozoic to Cambrian crustal evolution of eastern Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica: a synthesis of SHRIMP U-Pb age and Nd model age dataAuthor(s)Kazuyuki Shiraishi;Kazuyuki Shiraishi1National Institute of Polar Research,1-9-10, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8515,Japan(e-mail: kshiraishi@nipr.ac.jp)2Department of Polar Studies,Graduate School of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI),Tokyo 173-8515,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Daniel J. Dunkley;Daniel J. Dunkley1National Institute of Polar Research,1-9-10, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8515,Japan(e-mail: kshiraishi@nipr.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:Tomokazu Hokada;Tomokazu Hokada1National Institute of Polar Research,1-9-10, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8515,Japan(e-mail: kshiraishi@nipr.ac.jp)2Department of Polar Studies,Graduate School of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI),Tokyo 173-8515,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:C. Mark Fanning;C. Mark Fanning3Research School of Earth Sciences,The Australian National University,A.C.T 0200,AustraliaSearch for other works by this author on:Hiroo Kagami;Hiroo Kagami4Graduate School of Science and Technology,Niigata University,Niigata 950-2181,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Takuji HamamotoTakuji Hamamoto4Graduate School of Science and Technology,Niigata University,Niigata 950-2181,Japan5Present address:Dia Consultants Co. Ltd,Kanayama-cho 1-6-12, Nagoya 456-0002,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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Early Palaeozoic orogenic collapse and voluminous late-tectonic magmatism in Dronning Maud Land and Mozambique: insights into the partially delaminated orogenic root of the East African–Antarctic Orogen?Author(s)Joachim Jacobs;Joachim Jacobs1Department of Earth Science,University of Bergen,Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen,Norway(e-mail: joachim.jacobs@geo.uib.no)Search for other works by this author on:Bernard Bingen;Bernard Bingen2Geological Survey of Norway,7491 Trondheim,NorwaySearch for other works by this author on:Robert J. Thomas;Robert J. Thomas3British Geological Survey,Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG,UKSearch for other works by this author on:Wilfried Bauer;Wilfried Bauer3British Geological Survey,Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG,UKSearch for other works by this author on:Michael T. D. Wingate;Michael T. D. Wingate4Geological Survey of Western Australia,100 Plain Street, East Perth, W.A. 6004,AustraliaSearch for other works by this author on:Paulino FeitioPaulino Feitio5Direcão Nacional Geologia,Maputo,MozambiqueSearch for other works by this author on:
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Terrane correlation between Antarctica, Mozambique and Sri Lanka; comparisons of geochronology, lithology, structure and metamorphism and possible implications for the geology of southern Africa and AntarcticaAuthor(s)P. H. Macey;P. H. Macey2Council for Geoscience,Bellville,South AfricaSearch for other works by this author on:M. P. Roberts;M. P. Roberts3MSSP-Geomap Project, c/o Geological Survey of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby,Papua New Guinea4Council for Geoscience,Walmer, Port Elizabeth,South AfricaSearch for other works by this author on:R. A. Armstrong;R. A. Armstrong5RSES, Australian National University,Canberra, A.C.T. 0200,AustraliaSearch for other works by this author on:T. Hokada;T. Hokada6National Institute of Polar Research,Itabashi, Tokyo,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:K. Shiraishi;K. Shiraishi6National Institute of Polar Research,Itabashi, Tokyo,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:C. Jackson;C. Jackson751 Saint David's Road, Claremont, Cape Town,South AfricaSearch for other works by this author on:A. Bisnath;A. Bisnath8Caracle Creek International Consulting Inc.,Johannesburg,South AfricaSearch for other works by this author on:V. ManhicaV. Manhica9Direcão Nacional Geologia,Maputo,MozambiqueSearch for other works by this author on:
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An overview of geological studies of JARE in the Napier Complex, Enderby Land, East AntarcticaAuthor(s)Hideo IshizukaHideo IshizukaSearch for other works by this author on:
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Macroscopic geological structures of the Napier and Rayner Complexes, East AntarcticaAuthor(s)T. Toyoshima;T. Toyoshima1Graduate School of Science and Technology,Niigata University,8050 Ikarashi-2-nocho, Niigata 950-2181,Japan, (e-mail: ttoyo@geo.sc.niigata-u.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:Y. Osanai;Y. Osanai2Division of Evolution of Earth Environments, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies,Kyushu University,Ropponmatsu 4-2-1, Fukuoka 810-8560,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. NogiY. Nogi3National Institute of Polar Research,Kaga 1-chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8515,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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Pre-metamorphic carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope signature of high-grade marbles from the Lützow-Holm Complex, East Antarctica: apparent age constraints of carbonate depositionAuthor(s)M. Satish-Kumar;M. Satish-Kumar1Institute of Geosciences, Faculty of Science,Shizuoka University,836 Oya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529,Japan(e-mail: smsatis@ipc.shizuoka.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:T. Miyamoto;T. Miyamoto2Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Science,Kyushu University,Fukuoka, 812-8581,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:J. Hermann;J. Hermann3Research School of Earth Sciences,The Australian National University,Canberra A.C.T. 0200,AustraliaSearch for other works by this author on:H. Kagami;H. Kagami4Department of Geology, Faculty of Science,Niigata University,Ikarashi-2no-cho, Niigata,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Osanai;Y. Osanai5Division of Evolution of Earth Environment, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies,Kyushu University,Fukuoka, 810-8560,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. MotoyoshiY. Motoyoshi6National Institute of Polar Research,Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8515,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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Post-peak (<530 Ma) thermal history of Lützow-Holm Complex, East Antarctica, based on Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd mineral chronologyAuthor(s)Tomoharu Miyamoto;Tomoharu Miyamoto1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences,Kyushu University,Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581,Japan(e-mail: miyamoto@geo.kyushu-u.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:M. Satish-Kumar;M. Satish-Kumar2Institute of Geosciences, Faculty of Science,Shizuoka University,836 Oya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Daniel J. Dunkley;Daniel J. Dunkley3National Institute of Polar Research,9-10, Kaga 1-chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8515,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Yasuhito Osanai;Yasuhito Osanai4Division of Evolution of Earth Environment, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies,Kyushu University,4-2-1 Ropponmatsu, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810-8560,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Yasutaka Yoshimura;Yasutaka Yoshimura5Department of Geology,Kochi University,5-1, 2-chome, Akebono-cho, Kochi 780-8520,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Yoichi Motoyoshi;Yoichi Motoyoshi3National Institute of Polar Research,9-10, Kaga 1-chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8515,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Christopher J. CarsonChristopher J. Carson6GA Geochronology Laboratory,Geoscience Australia, PO Box 378, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601,AustraliaSearch for other works by this author on:
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Elastic properties of high-grade metamorphosed igneous rocks from Enderby Land and eastern Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica: evidence for biotite-bearing mafic lower crustAuthor(s)M. Ishikawa;M. IshikawaGraduate School of Environment and Information Sciences,Yokohama National University,Tokiwadai 79-7, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 2408501,Japan(e-mail: ishikawa@ynu.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:E. Shingai;E. ShingaiGraduate School of Environment and Information Sciences,Yokohama National University,Tokiwadai 79-7, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 2408501,Japan(e-mail: ishikawa@ynu.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:M. ArimaM. ArimaGraduate School of Environment and Information Sciences,Yokohama National University,Tokiwadai 79-7, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 2408501,Japan(e-mail: ishikawa@ynu.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:
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Early to middle Proterozoic dykes in the Mt. Riiser-Larsen area of the Napier Complex, East Antarctica: tectonic implications as deduced from geochemical studiesAuthor(s)Satoko Suzuki;Satoko Suzuki1Graduate School of Science and Technology,Niigata University,Niigata, 950-2181,Japan2Present address:20-8-2A, Matuba-cyo, Tokorozawa 359-0044,Japan(e-mail: satoko_hh_suzuki@yahoo.co.jp)Search for other works by this author on:Hideo Ishizuka;Hideo Ishizuka3Department of Geology,Kochi University,Kochi 780-8520,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Hiroo KagamiHiroo Kagami1Graduate School of Science and Technology,Niigata University,Niigata, 950-2181,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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Magmatic evolution and tectonic setting of metabasites from Lützow-Holm Complex, East AntarcticaAuthor(s)Yoshimitsu Suda;Yoshimitsu Suda1National Institute of Polar Research,Kaga 1-chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8515,Japan2Present address:Center for Chronological Research,Nagoya University,Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602,Japan(e-mail: ysuda@nendai.nagoya-u.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:Yoshinobu Kawano;Yoshinobu Kawano3Center for Research and Development of Higher Education,Saga University,Honjo 1, Saga 840-8502,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Greg Yaxley;Greg Yaxley4Research School of Earth Sciences,The Australian National University,Canberra, A.C.T. 0200,AustraliaSearch for other works by this author on:Hiroshi Korenaga;Hiroshi Korenaga5Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science,Chiba University,Yayoi-cho 1-33, Chiba 260-8560,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Yoshikuni HiroiYoshikuni Hiroi5Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science,Chiba University,Yayoi-cho 1-33, Chiba 260-8560,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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Geochemistry of post-kinematic mafic dykes from central to eastern Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica: evidence for a Pan-African suture in Dronning Maud LandAuthor(s)Masaaki Owada;Masaaki Owada1Department of Earth Sciences,Yamaguchi University,1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8512Japan(e-mail: owada@sci.yamaguchi-u.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:Sotaro Baba;Sotaro Baba2Department of Natural Environment,University of the Ryukyus,1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Yasuhito Osanai;Yasuhito Osanai3Division of Evolution of Earth Environments, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies,Kyushu UniversityRopponmatsu 4-2-1, Fukuoka, 810-8560JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Hiroo KagamiHiroo Kagami4Graduate School of Science and Technology,Niigata University,Niigata, 950-2181JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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Geodynamic evolution of Mt. Riiser-Larsen, Napier Complex, East Antarctica, with reference to the UHT mineral associations and their reaction relationsAuthor(s)Tomokazu Hokada;Tomokazu Hokada1National Institute of Polar Research,1-9-10 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8515,Japan(e-mail: hokada@nipr.ac.jp)2The Graduate University for Advanced Studies,1-9-10 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8515,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Yoichi Motoyoshi;Yoichi Motoyoshi1National Institute of Polar Research,1-9-10 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8515,Japan(e-mail: hokada@nipr.ac.jp)2The Graduate University for Advanced Studies,1-9-10 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8515,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Satoko Suzuki;Satoko Suzuki3Graduate School of Science and Technology,Niigata University,Niigata, 950-2181,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Masahiro Ishikawa;Masahiro Ishikawa4Environment and Information Science,Yokohama National University,79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Hideo IshizukaHideo Ishizuka5Department of Geology,Kochi University,2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi 780-8520,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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Early Palaeozoic metasomatism of the Archaean Napier Complex, East AntarcticaAuthor(s)Christopher J. Carson;Christopher J. Carson1Department of Geology and Geophysics,Yale University,New Haven, CT 06511,USA2Present address:Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601,Australia(e-mail: chris.carson@ga.gov.au)Search for other works by this author on:Jay J. AgueJay J. Ague1Department of Geology and Geophysics,Yale University,New Haven, CT 06511,USASearch for other works by this author on:
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Carbonic fluids in ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism: evidence from Raman spectroscopic study of fluid inclusions in granulites from the Napier Complex, East AntarcticaAuthor(s)T. Tsunogae;T. Tsunogae1Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences (Earth Evolution Sciences),University of Tsukuba,Ibaraki 305-8572,Japan(e-mail: tsunogae@geol.tsukuba.ac.jp)2Department of Geology,University of Johannesburg,P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006,Republic of South AfricaSearch for other works by this author on:M. Santosh;M. Santosh3Faculty of Science,Kochi University,Akebono-cho 2-5-1, Kochi 780-8520,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:J. Dubessy;J. Dubessy4CREGU-G2R UMR 7566,Université Henri Poincaré,Nancy 1, BP 239, 54501 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex,FranceSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Osanai;Y. Osanai5Division of Evolution of Earth Environment, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies,Kyushu University,Fukuoka 810-8560,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:M. Owada;M. Owada6Department of Geosphere Sciences,Yamaguchi University,Yamaguchi 753-8512,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:T. Hokada;T. Hokada7National Institute of Polar Research,Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8515,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:T. ToyoshimaT. Toyoshima8Graduate School of Science and Technology,Niigata University,Niigata 950-2181,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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Origin of xenocrystic garnet and kyanite in clinopyroxene–hornblende-bearing adakitic meta-tonalites from Cape Hinode, Prince Olav Coast, East AntarcticaAuthor(s)Yoshikuni Hiroi;Yoshikuni Hiroi1Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science,Chiba University,1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522,Japan(e-mail: yhiroi@earth.s.chiba-u.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:Yoichi Motoyoshi;Yoichi Motoyoshi2National Institute of Polar Research,1-9-10, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8522,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Naoto Ishikawa;Naoto Ishikawa3Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies,Kyoto University,Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Tomokazu Hokada;Tomokazu Hokada2National Institute of Polar Research,1-9-10, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8522,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Kazuyuki ShiraishiKazuyuki Shiraishi2National Institute of Polar Research,1-9-10, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8522,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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Kornerupine sensu stricto associated with mafic and ultramafic rocks in the Lützow-Holm Complex at Akarui Point, East Antarctica: what is the source of boron?Author(s)T. Kawakami;T. Kawakami1Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Graduate School of Science,Kyoto University,Kyoto 606-8502,Japan, (e-mail: t-kawakami@kueps.kyoto-u.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:E. S. Grew;E. S. Grew2Department of Earth Sciences,University of Maine,Bryand Global Sciences Center, Orono, ME 04469-5790,USASearch for other works by this author on:Y. Motoyoshi;Y. Motoyoshi3National Institute of Polar Research,1-9-10 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8515,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:C. K. Shearer;C. K. Shearer4Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of New Mexico,Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001,USASearch for other works by this author on:T. Ikeda;T. Ikeda5Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science,Kyushu University,33 Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:P. V. Burger;P. V. Burger4Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of New Mexico,Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001,USASearch for other works by this author on:I. KusachiI. Kusachi6Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Education,Okayama University,3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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Sapphirine + quartz association in garnet: implication for ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism at Rundvågshetta, Lützow-Holm Complex, East AntarcticaAuthor(s)Yasutaka Yoshimura;Yasutaka Yoshimura1Department of Natural Environmental Science,Kochi University,Akebono-cho 2-5-1, Kochi 780-8520,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Yoichi Motoyoshi;Yoichi Motoyoshi2National Institute of Polar Research,Kaga 1-9-10, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8515,Japan(e-mail: motoyosi@nipr.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:Tomoharu MiyamotoTomoharu Miyamoto3Department of Earth and Planetary Science,Kyushu University,Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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Crystal size distribution of garnet in quartzo-feldspathic gneisses from the Lützow-Holm Complex at Skallen, East AntarcticaAuthor(s)Saori Goto;Saori GotoDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science,Kyushu University,33 Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581,Japan(e-mail: ikeda@geo.kyushu-u.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:Takeshi IkedaTakeshi IkedaDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science,Kyushu University,33 Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581,Japan(e-mail: ikeda@geo.kyushu-u.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:
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Contrasting metamorphic P–T path between Schirmacher Hills and Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, central Dronning Maud Land, East AntarcticaAuthor(s)S. Baba;S. Baba1Department of Natural Environment,University of the Ryukyus,1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213,Japan(e-mail: baba@edu.u-ryukyu.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:M. Owada;M. Owada2Department of Earth Sciences,Yamaguchi University,1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:K. ShiraishiK. Shiraishi3Department of Crustal Studies,National Institute of Polar Research,1-9-10 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8515,Japan4Deparment of Polar Science,Graduate School of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI),1-9-10 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8515,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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Empirical thermometer of TiO2 in quartz for ultrahigh-temperature granulites of East AntarcticaAuthor(s)Toshisuke Kawasaki;Toshisuke Kawasaki1Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering,Ehime University,Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577,Japan(e-mail: toshkawa@sci.ehime-u.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:Yasuhito OsanaiYasuhito Osanai2Division of Evolution of Earth Environments, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies,Kyushu University,Ropponmatsu 4-2-1, Fukuoka, 810-8560,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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Fe2+–Mg partitioning experiments between orthopyroxene and spinel using ultrahigh-temperature granulite from the Napier Complex, East AntarcticaAuthor(s)Kei Sato;Kei Sato1Research Center for the Evolving Earth and Planets, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering,Tokyo Institute of Technology,Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551,Japan(e-mail: ksato@geo.titech.ac.jp)Search for other works by this author on:Tomoharu Miyamoto;Tomoharu Miyamoto2Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Science,Kyushu University,Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Toshisuke KawasakiToshisuke Kawasaki3Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering,Ehime University,Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577,JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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