Introduction

During a trip abroad in the summer of 1894 the writer spent about two weeks studying the lakes of northern Italy in search of evidences of change in the relative attitude of the lakes and the land. In the autumn part of another week was spent in similar studies on lake Geneva and two days on lake Lucerne. The results attained seem to have some interest not only in their local bearings, but also in their general relations to the Alps. This paper, however, is necessarily of a preliminary nature, for two weeks was much too short a time for an exhaustive study of the four Italian lakes examined.

It was found that all three of the larger lakes of northern Italy—Maggiore, Como, and Garda—formerly stood in different attitudes toward the land from those in which they now stand. Their surfaces were relatively higher at the north and sloped . . .

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