REVISED CARBONATE-WATER ISOTOPIC TEMPERATURE SCALE

S EPSTEIN; R BUCHSBAUM; H. A LOWENSTAM; H. C UREY

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1953)64[1315:RCITS]2.0.CO;2

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Research Article| November 01, 1953

REVISED CARBONATE-WATER ISOTOPIC TEMPERATURE SCALE

S EPSTEIN;

S EPSTEIN

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIF.; UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PA.; CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIF.; INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, CHICAGO, ILL.

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R BUCHSBAUM;

R BUCHSBAUM

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIF.; UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PA.; CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIF.; INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, CHICAGO, ILL.

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H. A LOWENSTAM;

H. A LOWENSTAM

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIF.; UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PA.; CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIF.; INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, CHICAGO, ILL.

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H. C UREY

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIF.; UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PA.; CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIF.; INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, CHICAGO, ILL.

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Author and Article Information

S EPSTEIN

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIF.; UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PA.; CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIF.; INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, CHICAGO, ILL.

R BUCHSBAUM

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIF.; UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PA.; CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIF.; INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, CHICAGO, ILL.

H. A LOWENSTAM

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIF.; UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PA.; CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIF.; INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, CHICAGO, ILL.

H. C UREY

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIF.; UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PA.; CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIF.; INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, CHICAGO, ILL.

Publisher: Geological Society of America

Received: 10 Dec 1952

First Online: 02 Mar 2017

Online ISSN: 1943-2674

Print ISSN: 0016-7606

GSA Bulletin (1953) 64 (11): 1315–1326.

https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1953)64[1315:RCITS]2.0.CO;2

Abstract

The relationship between temperature and O¹⁸ content relative to that for a Cretaceous belemnite of the Pee Dee formation previously reported (Epstein, Buchsbaum, Lowenstam, and Urey, 1951) has been re-determined using modified procedures for removing organic matter from shells, and is found to be

where δ is the difference in per mil of the O¹⁸ to O¹⁶ ratio between the sample and reference gas. The new relationship agrees with that determined by McCrea (1950) for inorganically precipitated calcium carbonate. Carbonate-carbon dioxide exchange experiments were done to determine the direct and indirect effects of organic matter in the shell on the mass spectrometer analyses.

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