The sedimentary record of the Paleoproterozoic Aravalli Supergroup in northwest India provides evidence for a progression from passive margin to active margin and back to passive margin that can be linked to the Precambrian crustal evolution of peninsular India. U-Pb detrital zircon age data from clastic sedimentary rocks constrain the depositional age of the Aravalli Supergroup to within the ca. 2.4–1.6 Ga age bracket. The 3.3–2.9 and 2.5 Ga basement granitoids of the Banded Gneiss Complex have been identified as the source rocks for the Delwara Formation from the Lower Aravalli Supergroup. The Delwara sandstones show enrichment of Zr and depletion of Ti and Sc, indicating a passive-margin depositional environment. Immature sandstones of the Middle Aravalli Udaipur Formation incorporate detritus from ca. 1.97–1.79 Ga magmatic arc rocks (characterized by zircon εHf[t] values varying from +6.1 to -7.8) and continental basement (ca. 2.5 Ga). Tectonic discrimination characteristics of Middle Aravalli sandstones, such as K2O/Na2O-SiO2, TiO2-Fe2O3, La-Th-Sc, and Th-Sc-Zr/10, suggest a continental arc setting, in agreement with their average modal composition of Q23F27L50 (where Q is quartz, F is feldspar, and L is lithics), which indicates a proximal source and transitional arc setting. The stratigraphically higher Bowa Formation of the Middle Aravalli Supergroup received additional detritus from 1.78 to 1.72 Ga extension-related magmatic arc rocks, and these strata are characterized by zircons with subchondritic εHf(t) values, suggesting a back-arc setting, in agreement with tectonic discrimination plots. The Upper Aravalli Debari sandstones are dominated by 1.87–1.65 Ga detritus. Their high maturity (average: Q92F4L4) and geochemical features are consistent with a passive-margin setting. Integration of the lithostratigraphic relationships and compositional data suggests that the rocks of Aravalli Supergroup archive the record for the development of early Paleoproterozoic passive-margin platform sedimentation, followed by a transition to continental arc and subsequently to an evolved rift-basin–passive-margin setting.
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Research Article|October 11, 2018
Evolving passive- and active-margin tectonics of the Paleoproterozoic Aravalli Basin, NW India
Wei Wang
Wei Wang
1State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China2School of Earth, Atmosphere & Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia3Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Peter A. Cawood
Peter A. Cawood
2School of Earth, Atmosphere & Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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Manoj K. Pandit
Manoj K. Pandit
4Department of Geology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
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Mei-Fu Zhou
Mei-Fu Zhou
3Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Jun-Hong Zhao
Jun-Hong Zhao
1State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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GSA Bulletin (2018)
Article history
received:
01 May 2018
accepted:
02 Aug 2018
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CiteCitation
Wei Wang, Peter A. Cawood, Manoj K. Pandit, Mei-Fu Zhou, Jun-Hong Zhao; Evolving passive- and active-margin tectonics of the Paleoproterozoic Aravalli Basin, NW India. GSA Bulletin doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/B35027.1
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Index Terms/Descriptors
- absolute age
- Aravalli System
- Archean
- Asia
- clastic rocks
- geochemistry
- hafnium
- Hf-177/Hf-176
- India
- Indian Peninsula
- isotope ratios
- isotopes
- lutetium
- major elements
- metals
- metamorphic rocks
- metasandstone
- metasedimentary rocks
- nesosilicates
- orthosilicates
- Paleoproterozoic
- plate tectonics
- Precambrian
- Proterozoic
- provenance
- quartzites
- rare earths
- sandstone
- sedimentary rocks
- silicates
- stable isotopes
- trace elements
- U/Pb
- U/Th/Pb
- upper Precambrian
- zircon
- zircon group
- northwestern India
- Lu-176/Lu-175
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