The prime cause of the relocation of one of the first villages founded in Venezuela by Spaniards in the early seventeenth century was likely motivated by earthquakes. San Antonio de Mucuñó, located in the Merida Andes ~200 km south-southeast of Maracaibo, was subjected to the effects of landslides triggered by a series of seismic events that took place in and around the year 1674. Historical documents, the geological and seismo-tectonic setting, and paleoseismic data support the conclusion that the earthquakes of 1674 occurred on the nearby, seismically active Bocono fault.