Field Geology Education: Historical Perspectives and Modern Approaches

Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East 10th Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-1405, USA

Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East 10th Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-1405, USA

Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East 10th Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-1405, USA

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA

Department of Earth and Environment, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604-3003, USA

Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, USA

Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Montana Western, Dillon, Montana 59725, USA

Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, USA

Boone Pickens School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3031, USA

Oklahoma Geological Survey and ConocoPhillips School of Geology and Geophysics, Mewbourne College of Earth and Energy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-0628, USA

Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northrop Hall MSC03 2040, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA

Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northrop Hall MSC03 2040, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA

Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Room 306, 4600 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA

Department of Geology and Environmental Science, James Madison University, Memorial Hall 7105B, 395 S. High Street, MSC 6903, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA

Department of Geology and Physics, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan 49783, USA

Department of Geology and Physics, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan 49783, USA

Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Montana Western, Dillon, Montana 59725, USA

Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Montana Western, Dillon, Montana 59725, USA

Geological Sciences Department, Cal Poly Pomona University, Pomona, California 91768, USA

Department of Geosciences, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA

Observatorio Volcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica (OVSICORI-UNA), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica

Geological Sciences Department, Cal Poly Pomona University, Pomona, California 91768, USA

Department of Geology, St. Norbert College, 100 Grant Street, De Pere, Wisconsin 54115-2099, USA

Department of Geology, St. Norbert College, 100 Grant Street, De Pere, Wisconsin 54115-2099, USA

Department of Geology and Environmental Science, 800 S. Main Street, MSC 6903, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA

Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland

Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, OCNPS Bldg., Room 306, 4600 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA

Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland

Department of Geology and Environmental Science, 800 S. Main Street, MSC 6903, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA

Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA

Department of Geology and Environmental Science, 800 S. Main Street, MSC 6903, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA

Department of Geosciences, University of Southern Maine, Gorham, Maine 04038, USA

Geography-Anthropology Department, University of Southern Maine, Gorham, Maine 04038, USA

Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA

Department of Earth Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-1070, USA

Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA

Department of Earth Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-1070, USA

Department of Geology and Geography, PO Box 8149, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, USA

Department of Geology and Geography, PO Box 8149, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, USA

Department of Geology and Geography, PO Box 8149, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, USA

Department of Earth and Environment, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604, USA

Science Education Resource Center, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA

Department of Geosciences, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, USA

President, Scripps College, Claremont, California 91711, USA

Department of Natural Sciences, University Alaska Southeast, Juneau, Alaska 99801, USA

Department of Geology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania 17013, USA

Department of Geology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania 17013, USA

Department of Geology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania 17013, USA

Department of Geology and Environmental Science, James Madison University, 800 S. Main Street, MSC 6903, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA

Department of Geology and Environmental Science, James Madison University, 800 S. Main Street, MSC 6903, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA

Department of Geology and Environmental Science, James Madison University, 800 S. Main Street, MSC 6903, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA

Department of Geosciences, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado 81301, USA

School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1404, USA

GeoTrec LLC, P.O. Box 247, Fayette, Iowa 52142, USA

Department of Geology and Geography, P.O. Box 8149, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, USA

Department of Geology and Geography, P.O. Box 8149, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, USA

Weston Solutions, Inc., 5430 Metric Place, Suite 100, Norcross, Georgia 30092, USA

Georgia Higher Education Program for Improving Teacher Quality and the Department of Mathematics Education, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30460, USA

St. Catherines Island Foundation, Inc., Box 182, Midway, Georgia 31342, USA

Department of Science, Jenkins County Middle School, Millen, Georgia 30442, USA

Department of Geology and Geography, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA

Department of Geology and Geography, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA

Department of Geology and Geography, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA

Department of Geology and Geography, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA

Department of Curriculum and Teaching, College of Education, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA

Department of Curriculum and Teaching, College of Education, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA

Environmental Institute, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA

Environmental Institute, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA

Department of Geology and Environmental Science, MSC 6903, 7125 Memorial Hall, 395 S. High St., James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA

Department of Geosciences, 611 North Pleasant Street, 233 Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9297, USA

Department of Teaching, Learning and Culture, Texas A&M University, 308 Harrington Tower, MS 4232, College Station, Texas 77843-4232, USA

Ocean Leadership, 1201 New York Ave, NW, 4th Floor, Washington, D.C., 20005, USA

Adobe Systems, Inc., 601 Townsend Street, San Francisco, California 94103, USA

Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, 1000 Discovery Drive, College Station, Texas 77845-9547, USA

Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Northern Illinois University, Davis Hall 312, Normal Road, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA

Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Northern Illinois University, Davis Hall 312, Normal Road, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA

Centro para el Estudio del Agua del Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatán, CP97200, Mérida, Yucatán, México

Centro para el Estudio del Agua del Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatán, CP97200, Mérida, Yucatán, México

Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning (CETL) Experiential Learning in Environmental and Natural Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK

Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK

Department of Earth & Ocean Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK

Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning (CETL) Experiential Learning in Environmental and Natural Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and Center for Research and Engagement in Science and Mathematics Education, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, and Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, California 92182-1020, USA

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and Center for Research and Engagement in Science and Mathematics Education, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA

Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, California 92182-1020, USA

Department of Geology and Environmental Science, James Madison University, MSC 6903, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA