Proterozoic Geology of the Southern Rocky Mountains
Early recumbent folding during Proterozoic orogeny in central Arizona
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Published:January 01, 1989
Two generations of folds affected the folded unconformity between the 1,750-Ma Brady Butte Granodiorite and overlying Proterozoic Texas Gulch Formation metagraywackes and slates in the Brady Butte area of central Arizona. F1 folds are isoclinal and were predominantly northwest-verging recumbent folds prior to F2 folding. They occur at all scales, with macroscopic fold amplitudes exceeding 500 m. F1 folds were temporally associated with transposition of bedding and mesoscopic thrusting in metasedimentary rocks, and development of mylonitic foliation in both metasedimentary rocks and granodiorite. Both style of structures and asymmetry of fabrics suggest F1 folding accompanied northwest-directed thrusting. F2 folds are open to tight and have northeast-striking, steeply dipping, axial plane foliation. F2 folds are gently northeast plunging in the Brady Butte area, coaxial with F1 folds, and the enveloping surface of F2 folds is subhorizontal.
New structural data may have important regional implications. A subhorizontal enveloping surface for F2 folds implies that stratigraphic units and the basal Texas Gulch Formation unconformity are repeated across strike in F2 fold hinges. Thus, the metasedimentary rocks of the Crazy Basin area may correlate with the Texas Gulch Formation, and parts of the Spud Mountain Volcanics may correlate with parts of the Iron King Volcanics. However, transposition during F2 and rotation of fold hingelines toward the subvertical F2 finite stretching axis in areas of high shortening strain complicate structural geometry such that rootless intrafolial folds are common. Furthermore, F2 folds affected an already transposed S1 tectonic layering formed by recumbent folds and thrusts. The complex overprinting of F1 and F2 on a regional scale make stratigraphic interpretations tenuous until more detailed structural, geochronologic, and geochemical data are available.
- Arizona
- concepts
- deformation
- fabric
- folds
- foliation
- isoclinal folds
- metagraywacke
- metamorphic rocks
- metasedimentary rocks
- North America
- orientation
- orogeny
- outcrops
- Precambrian
- Proterozoic
- recumbent folds
- Rocky Mountains
- slates
- Southern Rocky Mountains
- structural geology
- tectonics
- unconformities
- United States
- upper Precambrian
- central Arizona
- Brady Butte
- Crazy Basin
- Texas Gulch Formation
- Iron King Volcanics
- Brady Butte Granodiorite
- Yavapai Supergroup
- Spud Mountain Volcanics