Seismic-related damages of archaeological structures play an important role in increasing our knowledge about the timing and magnitudes of historical earthquakes. Although quantitative data should form the basis of objective archaeoseismological methods, most studies still do not rely on such methods. Ground-based LIDAR (light detection and ranging) is a promising, rather new, scanning technology that determines spatial position of an object or surface and provides high-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) digital data. Using LIDAR, we mapped the damage and overall attitude of a Roman theater in the ancient Lycian city of Pinara (500 B.C.–A.D. 900), located at a faulted margin of the...