The Moesian Platform is a crustal block within southern Europe, located beyond the southwestern margin of the East European craton. Along this margin lie terranes that were accreted to Baltica as part of Far Eastern Avalonia during Late Ordovician–Early Devonian time and terranes that already formed part of Cambrian Baltica, displaced as proximal terranes together with Far East Avalonian terranes. The tectonic history and crustal affinity of the Moesian Platform, however, remain poorly understood. A review of available tectonostratigraphic, paleontological, and geochronologic data suggests that the Moesian Platform comprises four distinct terranes, two with Baltican and two with Avalonian affinities. A fifth terrane, North Dobrogea, lies between the Moesian Platform and the East European craton and records Variscan (Carboniferous) accretion. This accretionary record leads to the paradox that the youngest accreted crust (North Dobrogea) lies closest to the craton, whereas the earlier accreted crust and crust derived from the craton itself are now located more externally. A review of terranes along the southwestern margin of the East European craton, between the North Sea and the Black Sea, suggests that a dextral strike-slip dominated the southwestern Baltican margin during Late Ordovician–Early Devonian accretion of Far Eastern Avalonia, much as is the case in western North America today. Variscan indentation of the Bohemian Massif led to escape-displacement of some Caledonian terranes, and strike-slip displacement during the Mesozoic opening of Mediterranean-style oceanic basins led to the current juxtaposition of Moesian terranes, inverted with respect to their accretionary history.