The concepts of plate tectonics have transformed the interpretation of the sedimentary basins in Sudan. Improved methods of mapping, extensive geophysical surveys, and widespread drilling have led to a better understanding of the geological processes. With continuous subsidence in the grabens and troughs, and continuous uplift in the flanking areas, hydrological and hydrogeological closed basins were formed in each of the rift systems. Highly saline groundwater bodies that occupy the flowing end of each of the rift basins have been interpreted in the light of the rift basins. A new chemical pattern emerged, which led to the interpretation of these saline bodies as buried saline lakes, sabkhas, or playas. The thick carbonate deposits existing at the faulted boundaries define the possible contact between the fresh and saline water bodies. The widespread presence of kankar nodules in the sediments was a result of continuous efflorescence, leaching, and evaporative process. The saline water bodies are formed through salt leaching and groundwater discharge.