Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth

Leon T. Silver; Peter H. Schultz

doi:10.1130/SPE190

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GSA Special Papers

Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth

Author(s)

Geological Society of America

Volume

190

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190

Geological Society of America

ISBN print:

9780813721903

Publication date:

January 01, 1982

Front Matter

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Contents

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Preface

Author(s)

Leon T. Silver;

Leon T. Silver

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Peter Schultz

Peter Schultz

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https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-pxi

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Introduction

Author(s)

Leon T. Silver

Leon T. Silver

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https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-pxiii

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The Flux of Large Objects in Near-Earth Space and the Probabilities of Terrestrial Impacts
- Collision of astronomically observable bodies with the Earth
  
  Author(s)
  
  G. W. Wetherill;
  
  G. W. Wetherill
  
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  E. M. Shoemaker
  
  E. M. Shoemaker
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p1
  
  Abstract
  
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- Terrestrial impact rates for long and short-period comets
  
  Author(s)
  
  Paul R. Weissman
  
  Paul R. Weissman
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p15
  
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The Geological Record of Impacts
- The record of impact on Earth: Implications for a major Cretaceous/Tertiary impact event ^*
 
 Author(s)
 
 Richard A. F. Grieve
 
 Richard A. F. Grieve
 
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 https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p25
 
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- Ejecta of the Ries Crater, Germany ^*
 
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 Friedrich Hörz
 
 Friedrich Hörz
 
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 https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p39
 
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- Anomalies within the system: Rochechouart target rock meteorite
 
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 Philippe Lambert
 
 Philippe Lambert
 
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 https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p57
 
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Modeling the Dynamics of Large Body Impacts on Continents and Oceans
- Laboratory simulation of pelagic asteroidal impact: Atmospheric injection, benthic topography, and the surface wave radiation field
  
  Author(s)
  
  Donald E. Gault;
  
  Donald E. Gault
  
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  Charles P. Sonett
  
  Charles P. Sonett
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p69
  
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  Open the PDF for Laboratory simulation of pelagic asteroidal impact: Atmospheric injection, benthic topography, and the surface wave radiation field in another window
  
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- Estimates of crater size for large-body impact: Gravity-scaling results
  
  Author(s)
  
  Robert M. Schmidt;
  
  Robert M. Schmidt
  
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  Keith A. Holsapple
  
  Keith A. Holsapple
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p93
  
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- The interaction of the Cretaceous/Tertiary Extinction Bolide with the atmosphere, ocean, and solid Earth
  
  Author(s)
  
  John D. O’Keefe;
  
  John D. O’Keefe
  
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  Thomas J. Ahrens
  
  Thomas J. Ahrens
  
  Correspondent
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p103
  
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- The mechanics of large meteoroid impacts in the Earth’s oceans
  
  Author(s)
  
  H. J. Melosh
  
  H. J. Melosh
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p121
  
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- Impact into the Earth’s ocean floor: Preliminary experiments, a planetary model, and possibilities for detection
  
  Author(s)
  
  William B. McKinnon
  
  William B. McKinnon
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p129
  
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- A first-order estimate of shock heating and vaporization in oceanic impacts
  
  Author(s)
  
  Steven K. Croft
  
  Steven K. Croft
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p143
  
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Physical, Chemical, and Biological Models of Atmospheric Effects of Large Impacts
- Impact ejecta dynamics in an atmosphere: Experimental results and extrapolations
  
  Author(s)
  
  Peter H. Schultz;
  
  Peter H. Schultz
  
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  Donald E. Gault
  
  Donald E. Gault
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p153
  
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- Atmospheric effects of large body impacts: The first few minutes
  
  Author(s)
  
  Eric M. Jones;
  
  Eric M. Jones
  
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  John W. Kodis
  
  John W. Kodis
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p175
  
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- Evolution of an impact-generated dust cloud and its effects on the atmosphere
  
  Author(s)
  
  O. B. Toon;
  
  O. B. Toon
  
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  J. B. Pollack;
  
  J. B. Pollack
  
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  T. P. Ackerman;
  
  T. P. Ackerman
  
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  R. P. Turco;
  
  R. P. Turco
  
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  C. P. McKay;
  
  C. P. McKay
  
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  M. S. Liu
  
  M. S. Liu
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p187
  
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  Open the PDF for Evolution of an impact-generated dust cloud and its effects on the atmosphere in another window
  
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- Reduction of photosynthetically active radiation under extreme stratospheric aerosol loads
  
  Author(s)
  
  Siegfried A. W. Gerstl;
  
  Siegfried A. W. Gerstl
  
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  Andrew Zardecki
  
  Andrew Zardecki
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p201
  
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- Formation of noctilucent clouds by an extraterrestrial impact
  
  Author(s)
  
  Christopher P. McKay;
  
  Christopher P. McKay
  
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  Gary E. Thomas
  
  Gary E. Thomas
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p211
  
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- Chemical consequences of major impact events on Earth
  
  Author(s)
  
  John S. Lewis;
  
  John S. Lewis
  
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  G. Hampton Watkins;
  
  G. Hampton Watkins
  
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  Hyman Hartman;
  
  Hyman Hartman
  
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  Ronald G. Prinn
  
  Ronald G. Prinn
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p215
  
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Dispersed Impact Ejecta and Their Signatures
- Identification of projectiles of large terrestrial impact craters and some implications for the interpretation of Ir-rich Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary layers
 
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 H. Palme
 
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- Geochemical constraints on the nature of large accretionary events
 
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 Frank T. Kyte;
 
 Frank T. Kyte
 
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 John T. Wasson
 
 John T. Wasson
 
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 https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p235
 
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- Potential of ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁶Os as a cosmic versus terrestrial indicator in high iridium layers of sedimentary strata
 
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 Karl K. Turekian
 
 Karl K. Turekian
 
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 https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p243
 
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- Possible correlations between tektite events and climatic changes?
 
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 Billy P. Glass
 
 Billy P. Glass
 
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Mass Biological Extinctions—Some General Considerations
- Mass extinctions—Illusions or realities?
  
  Author(s)
  
  Norman D. Newell
  
  Norman D. Newell
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p257
  
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- Extinction or survival: Selectivity and causes of Phanerozoic crises
  
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  Helen Tappan
  
  Helen Tappan
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p265
  
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- Biogeographic extinction: A feasibility test
  
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  David M. Raup
  
  David M. Raup
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p277
  
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- Mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic oceans: A review
  
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  J. John Sepkoski, Jr.
  
  J. John Sepkoski, Jr.
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p283
  
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- Sampling bias, gradual extinction patterns and catastrophes in the fossil record
  
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  Philip W. Signor, III;
  
  Philip W. Signor, III
  
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  Jere H. Lipps
  
  Jere H. Lipps
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p291
  
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- Response of marine plankton communities to a global atmospheric darkening
  
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  David H. Milne;
  
  David H. Milne
  
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  Christopher P. McKay
  
  Christopher P. McKay
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p297
  
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The Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary Event
- Extinctions and Impact
  - Current status of the impact theory for the terminal Cretaceous extinction
    
    Author(s)
    
    Walter Alvarez;
    
    Walter Alvarez
    
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    Luis W. Alvarez;
    
    Luis W. Alvarez
    
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    Frank Asaro;
    
    Frank Asaro
    
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    Helen V. Michel
    
    Helen V. Michel
    
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    https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p305
    
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  - Terminal Cretaceous environmental and evolutionary changes
    
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    Kenneth J. Hsü;
    
    Kenneth J. Hsü
    
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    Judith A. McKenzie;
    
    Judith A. McKenzie
    
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    Q. X. He
    
    Q. X. He
    
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    https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p317
    
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- The Biological Record
  - Extinction and evolution of planktonic foraminifera after a major impact at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary
    
    Author(s)
    
    J. Smit
    
    J. Smit
    
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    https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p329
    
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  - Biostratigraphy and isotope stratigraphy and the ‘catastrophic’ extinction of calcareous nannoplankton at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary
    
    Author(s)
    
    Katharina Perch-Nielsen;
    
    Katharina Perch-Nielsen
    
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    Judith McKenzie;
    
    Judith McKenzie
    
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    Qiziang He
    
    Qiziang He
    
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    https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p353
    
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  - The terminal Cretaceous extinction in Boreal shelf seas—A multicausal event.
    
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    T. Birkelund;
    
    T. Birkelund
    
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    E. Hakansson
    
    E. Hakansson
    
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    https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p373
    
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  - Terminal Cretaceous plankton extinctions: A critical assessment
    
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    Hans R. Thierstein
    
    Hans R. Thierstein
    
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    https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p385
    
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  - A paleontological consensus on the extinction of the dinosaurs?
    
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    Dale A. Russell
    
    Dale A. Russell
    
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    https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p401
    
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  - Patterns of extinction and survival of the terrestrial biota during the Cretaceous/Tertiary transition
    
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    William A. Clemens
    
    William A. Clemens
    
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    https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p407
    
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  - Extinction of the dinosaurs: A 1982 understanding
    
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    Thomas J. M. Schopf
    
    Thomas J. M. Schopf
    
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    https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p415
    
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Geochemical Signatures in the Stratigraphic Record
- Iridium abundance measurements across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary in the San Juan and Raton Basins of northern New Mexico
  
  Author(s)
  
  C. J. Orth;
  
  C. J. Orth
  
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  J. S. Gilmore;
  
  J. S. Gilmore
  
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  J. D. Knight;
  
  J. D. Knight
  
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  C. L. Pillmore;
  
  C. L. Pillmore
  
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  R. H. Tschudy;
  
  R. H. Tschudy
  
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  J. E. Fassett
  
  J. E. Fassett
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p423
  
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- Dinosaurs in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, may have survived the event that resulted in creation of an iridium-enriched zone near the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary
  
  Author(s)
  
  James E. Fassett
  
  James E. Fassett
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p435
  
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- Testing of magnetostratigraphy in Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary deposits, San Juan Basin, New Mexico
  
  Author(s)
  
  E. H. Lindsay;
  
  E. H. Lindsay
  
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  R. F. Butler;
  
  R. F. Butler
  
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  N. M. Johnson
  
  N. M. Johnson
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p449
  
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- A non-catastrophist explanation for the iridium anomaly at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary
  
  Author(s)
  
  Michael R. Rampino
  
  Michael R. Rampino
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p455
  
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- Chalcophile elements in Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary sediments: Terrestrial or extraterrestrial?
  
  Author(s)
  
  Johan C. Varekamp;
  
  Johan C. Varekamp
  
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  Ellen Thomas
  
  Ellen Thomas
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p461
  
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Other Phanerozoic Events
- Biomere boundaries: A possible test for extraterrestrial perturbation of the biosphere
  
  Author(s)
  
  A. R. Palmer
  
  A. R. Palmer
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p469
  
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- Frasnian-Famennian extinctions
  
  Author(s)
  
  Digby J. McLaren
  
  Digby J. McLaren
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p477
  
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- The rugose coral record across the Frasnian/Famennian boundary
  
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  A.E.H. Pedder
  
  A.E.H. Pedder
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p485
  
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- The Frasnian-Famennian extinction event: A preliminary analysis of Appalachian marine ecosystems
  
  Author(s)
  
  George R. McGhee, Jr.
  
  George R. McGhee, Jr.
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p491
  
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- Extinctions of Permian and Triassic nonmarine vertebrates
  
  Author(s)
  
  Everett C. Olson
  
  Everett C. Olson
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p501
  
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The Search for Impact Signature
- Evidence for a major meteorite impact on the earth 34 million years ago: Implication on the origin of North American tektites and Eocene extinction
  
  Author(s)
  
  R. Ganapathy
  
  R. Ganapathy
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p513
  
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- Geochemical anomalies near the Eocene/Oligocene and Permian/Triassic boundaries
  
  Author(s)
  
  Frank Asaro;
  
  Frank Asaro
  
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  Luis W. Alvarez;
  
  Luis W. Alvarez
  
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  Walter Alvarez;
  
  Walter Alvarez
  
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  Helen V. Michel
  
  Helen V. Michel
  
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  https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE190-p517
  
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Back Matter

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Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth

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Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth

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