Southern and Central Mexico: Basement Framework, Tectonic Evolution, and Provenance of Mesozoic–Cenozoic Basins

This volume furthers our understanding of key basins in central and southern Mexico, and establishes links to exhumed sediment source areas in a plausible paleogeographic framework. Authors present new data and models on the relations between Mexican terranes and the assembly and breakup of western equatorial Pangea, plate-tectonic and terrane reconstructions, uplift and exhumation of source areas, the influence of magmatism on sedimentary systems, and the provenance and delivery of sediment to Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins. Additionally, authors establish relationships between basement regions (sediment source) in the areas that supplied sediment to Mesozoic rift basins, Late Cretaceous foreland systems, and Cenozoic basins developed in response to Cordilleran events.
Strontium isotope dating of evaporites and the breakup of the Gulf of Mexico and Proto–Caribbean Seaway
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Published:December 09, 2021
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CiteCitation
James Pindell, Bodo Weber, Wendy Hale-Erlich, Stephen Cossey, Mark Bitter, Roberto Molina Garza, Rod Graham, Robert N. Erlich, 2021. "Strontium isotope dating of evaporites and the breakup of the Gulf of Mexico and Proto–Caribbean Seaway", Southern and Central Mexico: Basement Framework, Tectonic Evolution, and Provenance of Mesozoic–Cenozoic Basins, Uwe C. Martens, Roberto S. Molina Garza
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ABSTRACT
New and existing strontium isotope data are given for several widespread evaporites from western equatorial Pangea. The data indicate evaporite deposition occurred on proximal margins of the Gulf of Mexico at ca. 169 Ma (Bajocian, not Callovian as commonly thought) and 166 Ma in Trinidad (Bathonian-Callovian boundary). The 166 Ma age may also apply to undated evaporite on the Bahamian margin, conjugate rift of Trinidad, and now in Cuba. We show that: (1) the Trinidadian (and Bahamian?) evaporite pertains to rifting rather than to Late Jurassic–Cretaceous carbonate platform deposition; (2) the Mata Espino-101B evaporite (a borehole in Veracruz Basin, Mexico) is not Paleocene but Bajocian (halite) or Bathonian (gypsum) and hence is not related to possible Paleogene Gulf of Mexico desiccation; (3) evaporite deposition may have offlapped basinward in the Gulf of Mexico (Bathonian–early Oxfordian in more distal areas), because most Atlantic opening models preclude the Gulf of Mexico from being large enough by 169 Ma to accommodate the mapped expanse of autochthonous salt deposition; and (4) a 3–9 m.y. hiatus (the Norphlet window) is apparent in proximal areas around the Gulf of Mexico between evaporite and upper Oxfordian marine successions, caused perhaps by proximal margin uplift (flexural or thermal) or by Gulf of Mexico water level remaining below paleo–sea level (evaporation?) during Bathonian–early Oxfordian time. Although a 20–30 m.y. hiatus may exist below evaporite in the U.S. coast, cordilleran Mexico was tectonically active into the Middle Jurassic, and pre-salt continental deposits are closer in age to salt deposition there. Pre-salt strata along Campeche–northern Yucatán remain undated. Our data do not resolve if the evaporite was sourced from the Atlantic, the Pacific, or both, but the fact that the Trinidadian evaporite is younger than Gulf of Mexico evaporite, and the presence of Bajocian marine and evaporite sections across Mexico perhaps favor the Pacific as the source.
- absolute age
- alkaline earth metals
- Antilles
- Atlantic Ocean
- Bajocian
- Callovian
- carbonate platforms
- Caribbean region
- Caribbean Sea
- chemically precipitated rocks
- Cretaceous
- Cuba
- evaporite deposits
- evaporites
- extension tectonics
- Greater Antilles
- Gulf of Mexico
- isotope ratios
- isotopes
- Jurassic
- Lesser Antilles
- marine environment
- Mesozoic
- metals
- Middle Jurassic
- North Atlantic
- paleoenvironment
- paleogeography
- sedimentary rocks
- Sr-87/Sr-86
- stable isotopes
- strontium
- tectonics
- Trinidad
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Upper Jurassic
- Veracruz Basin
- West Indies