Geodynamics deals with dynamic processes in the Earth’s interior and on its surface. Thermal convection in the mantle, hotspots and mantle plumes, lithosphere dynamics and plate subduction as well as their surface manifestation, such as volcanism, seismicity, sedimentary basins, and orogeny, are all among principal geodynamic problems (e.g., Turcotte and Schubert, 2014). Earth observations and measurements provide data about geological, geophysical, geodetic, and geochemical properties of the planet. Using the data, geodynamic patterns can be determined with the help of qualitative and quantitative models.
Some hundred years ago, scientific data on the Earth were scarce and obtained by field...
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