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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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East Africa
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Kenya
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Kenya Rift valley (1)
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East African Rift (1)
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West Africa
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Primary terms
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conjugate faults
Conjugate extrusion with dextral oblique-slip faulting in SE Tibet: new insights into Oligo-Miocene deformation
3D fault model and seismotectonics indicate the potential seismic risk in the Daliang Mountains, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
The 2022 Delingha, China, Earthquake Sequence and Implication for Seismic Hazard near the Western End of the Qilian–Haiyuan Fault
The 2016 Nine Mile Ranch Earthquakes: Hazard and Tectonic Implications of Orthogonal Conjugate Faulting in the Walker Lane
Aftershocks of the 2012 M w 8.6 Wharton Basin Intraplate Earthquake in the Eastern Indian Ocean Revealed by Near‐Field Ocean‐Bottom Seismometers
A revised age, structural model and origin for the North Pennine Orefield in the Alston Block, northern England: intrusion (Whin Sill)-related base metal (Cu–Pb–Zn–F) mineralization
Conjugate strike-slip faulting across a subduction front driven by incipient seamount subduction
Laramide shortening and the influence of Precambrian basement on uplift of the Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming, U.S.A.
Mini thief zones: Subcentimeter sedimentary features enhance fracture connectivity in shales
Structural characterization of intracratonic strike-slip faults in the central Tarim Basin
Characteristics of faults and their significance in controlling the oil accumulations in Honghe field, Ordos Basin
High-Angle Normal Faulting at the Tangra Yumco Graben (Southern Tibet) since ∼15 Ma
Coseismic Slip Model of the 2018 M w 7.9 Gulf of Alaska Earthquake and Its Seismic Hazard Implications
Early Mesozoic sinistral transpression along the Pai-Khoi–Novaya Zemlya fold–thrust belt, Russia
Abstract The NW–SE-trending Pai-Khoi fold–thrust belt links the Permian Uralian Orogen in the Polar Urals with the early Mesozoic fold belt on Novaya Zemlya. An interpretation of structural lineaments present in southern Novaya Zemlya suggests that the NW–SE-trending fold belt in southernmost Novaya Zemlya may have formed contemporaneously with parallel sinistral strike-slip faults. Analysis of regional-scale geological maps of the adjacent Pai-Khoi fold–thrust belt reveals large-scale structural relationships indicative of sinistral shear along the fold–thrust belt, including the presence of left-stepping en echelon folds within the Kara Shale Allochthon. This interpretation is corroborated by a field study of the allochthon-bounding Main Pai-Khoi Thrust, which reveals a consistently oblique tectonic stretching lineation, pitching 56° towards the east, suggesting tectonic displacement towards the west. It is therefore proposed that the Pai-Khoi fold–thrust belt is best described as a zone of sinistral inclined transpression. The interpretation of the Pai-Khoi fold–thrust belt as a zone of sinistral transpression has important implications for the interpretation of this tectonic boundary. This is reflected in a new structural cross-section through southernmost Novaya Zemlya, which is characterized by thick-skinned tectonics and steep strike-slip faults. These faults may link at depth with the Baidaratsky Fault.
Fault detection using principal component analysis of seismic attributes in the Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota, USA
Analog modeling of fault asperity kinematics using a modified squeeze-box design and wax media
Abstract: A branch line is the line of intersection between two hard-linked fault planes, or between two parts of a single fault plane of more complex geometry. Of interest is whether they provide any information about the kinematic development of the fault system to which they belong. Analysis of branch lines from a variety of normal fault networks, interpreted on seismic reflection datasets, shows that the branch lines are generally aligned parallel to the extension direction. This relationship is shown to be a feature of polymodal (orthorhombic) fault systems produced by three-dimensional strain. Branch lines between bimodal faults (conjugate, with opposing dip) tend to be perpendicular to the slip direction.
Abstract: The initiation, growth and interaction of faults within an extensional rift is an inherently four-dimensional process where connectivity with time and depth are difficult to constrain. A 3D discrete element model is employed that represents the crust as a two-layered brittle–ductile system in which faults nucleate, propagate and interact in response to local heterogeneities and resulting stresses. Faults nucleate in conjugate sets throughout the model brittle crust; they grow through a combination of tip propagation and interaction of co-linear segments to form larger normal faults. Segment linkage occurs by merging of adjacent fault segments located along strike, downdip or oblique to one another. Finally, deformation localizes onto the largest faults. Displacement distribution on faults is highly variable with marked along-strike and temporal variations in displacement rates. Displacement maxima continuously migrate as smaller fault segments interact and link to form the final fault plane. As a result, displacement maxima associated with fault nucleation sites are not coincident with the location of the maximum finite displacement on a fault where segment linkage overprints the record. The observed style of fault growth is consistent with the isolated growth model in the earliest stages which then gives way to a coherent (constant-length) fault growth model at greater strains.
Occurrence and development of folding related to normal faulting within a mechanically heterogeneous sedimentary sequence: a case study from Inner Moray Firth, UK
Abstract: Folds associated with normal faults are potential hydrocarbon traps and may impact the connectivity of faulted reservoirs. Well-calibrated seismic reflection data that image a normal fault system from the Inner Moray Firth basin, offshore Scotland, show that folding was preferentially localized within the mechanically incompetent Lower–Middle Jurassic pre-rift interval, comprising interbedded shales and sandstones, and within Upper Jurassic syn-rift shales. Upward propagation of fault tips was initially inhibited by these weak lithologies, generating fault propagation folds with amplitudes of c. 50 m. Folds were also generated, or amplified, by translation of the hanging wall over curved, convex-upward fault planes. These fault bends resulted from vertical fault segmentation and linkage within mechanically incompetent layers. The relative contributions of fault propagation and fault-bend folding to the final fold amplitude may vary significantly along the strike of a single fault array. In areas where opposite-dipping, conjugate normal faults intersect, the displacement maxima are skewed upwards towards the base of the syn-rift sequence (i.e. the free surface at the time of fault initiation) and significant fault propagation folding did not occur. These observations can be explained by high compressive stresses generated in the vicinity of conjugate fault intersections, which result in asymmetric displacement distributions, skewed towards the upper tip, with high throw gradients enhancing upward fault propagation. Our observations suggest that mechanical interaction between faults, in addition to mechanical stratigraphy, is a key influence on the occurrence of normal fault-related folding, and controls kinematic parameters such as fault propagation/slip ratios and displacement rates.